Hossam El Din Mohammed is an Assistant Professor of Islamic Studies at Karabuk University, Turkey. He previously held various teaching and research positions at different institutions, including Hamad bin Khalifa University in Qatar, North Minzu University in China, the School of International Education, and the University of Oxford in the UK. His recent publications include: Ummah and the Nation State: Dilemmas in Refugee Ethics (International Journal of Humanitarian Action, 2022); The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study of Fiqh (Contemporary Journal of Fiqh and Financial Issues, 2022); Franchise Contract and Its Provisions in Islamic Jurisprudence and Comparison of Civil Law (Dar Hassan and Modern Library, 2018); and Abstract Rights in Islamic Jurisprudence: Comparison of Positive Law and Examples of Their Contemporary Applications (Dar Hassan and Modern Library, 2018).