Thomas Parker earned a Dual Degree in Arabic and International and Area Studies from the University of Oklahoma in 2014. He recently completed his MA in Civilization Studies from Ibn Haldun University in Istanbul, Türkiye. His academic interests include Ottoman History and Islamic Political Thought, while also working in Islamic Studies. He is the author of “On the Theology of Disobedience: An Analysis of the Political Thought of Sheikh Bin Bayyah and Sheikh Hamza Yusuf,” among numerous academic publications in ReOrient and the American Journal of Islamic and Social Sciences, as well as journalism and semi-academic publications for platforms such as Maydan, Al-Sharq Strategic Forum, and TRT World.