{"id":12070,"date":"2025-07-06T22:32:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-06T22:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/?p=12070"},"modified":"2025-12-04T12:21:57","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T12:21:57","slug":"birincitez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/birincitez\/","title":{"rendered":"Birinci Sav: \u00dcmmetin Se\u00e7ilmi\u015fli\u011fi ve \u00c7ifte A\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanma Tehlikesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bu yaz\u0131, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman birli\u011finin gereklili\u011fini savunan bir dizi tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ilkidir. Serinin giri\u015f yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131<\/i> buradan<\/i><\/a> okuyabilirsiniz.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u064f\u062d\u064f \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064f\u062d\u064e \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064f\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBu \u00fcmmetin sonraki nesilleri, ancak ilk \u00f6nc\u00fclerin ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u015feyle ba\u015far\u0131 kazanacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/span>1<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6zet<\/i><\/b>: Allah ile olan \u00fcmmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmemiz hem bir \u015feref hem de bir sorumluluktur. Bu, \u00fcmmetin bu d\u00fcnyada ve daha da \u00f6nemlisi ahirette, ancak \u0130slami birlik yoluyla, yani \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n ipine hep birlikte sar\u0131lmak\u201d suretiyle zafer kazanabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Ki\u015fisel takva kesinlikle ilk ve vazge\u00e7ilmez bir ad\u0131md\u0131r; ancak bu, kolektif sorumlulu\u011fumuzu g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmek, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemek veya belirsizle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir bahane olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi takdirde, Allah\u2019\u0131n \u201cKitab\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131na inan\u0131p bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ink\u00e2r ettikleri\u201d i\u00e7in k\u0131nad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130srailo\u011fullar\u0131 gibi olmaktan korkar\u0131z<\/i>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Son El\u00e7i\u2019nin \ufdfa toplulu\u011fu olarak \u00fcmmet, insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fahitlik etme g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenmi\u015f ilahi bir emanete sahiptir. Bu emanet hem bir \u015feref hem de bir sorumluluktur. \u00dcmmet, Son Peygamber\u2019in \ufdfa misyonunu devam ettirmek \u00fczere se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir topluluktur ancak bu se\u00e7im bir soy, etnik k\u00f6ken veya kimlik ni\u015fanesi \u00fczerine de\u011fil, Allah\u2019\u0131n mesaj\u0131n\u0131 ula\u015ft\u0131rma, onu ya\u015fama ve insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 hem bir \u015fahit hem de bir uyar\u0131c\u0131 olma ahdi \u00fczerine temellenmektedir:<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0670\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u062c\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0623\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0651\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u064f\u0647\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0634\u064e\u0647\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130\u015fte b\u00f6ylece, sizleri vasat (dengeyi g\u00f6zeten, adil) bir \u00fcmmet k\u0131ld\u0131k ki insanlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fahitler olas\u0131n\u0131z ve Peygamber de size kar\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fahit olsun.\u201d<\/span>2<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu g\u00f6rev, g\u00fc\u00e7, liderlik ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme gerektirir; bunlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc ise siyasi birli\u011fi zorunlu k\u0131lar. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte as\u0131rlar boyunca insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fahitlik makam\u0131nda bulundular; ancak ya\u015fanan \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f, onlar\u0131 bu konumdan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Peki, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman medeniyetin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ne sebep oldu? Bu soru, yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r hem samimi \u0131slahat\u00e7\u0131lar hem de d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlemciler taraf\u0131ndan tekrar tekrar sorulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen fikirler ve belki de cesaret eksikli\u011fi, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015finin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6yle daraltt\u0131 ki, en kolay cevap, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir erdemin eksikli\u011finde aran\u0131r oldu. Liberaller, \u201c(bireysel) \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck!\u201d \u00f6nerirken, sosyalistler \u201c(ekonomik) e\u015fitlik!\u201d iddias\u0131nda bulunuyor ve feministler ise \u201ctoplumsal cinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fi!\u201d diye hayk\u0131r\u0131yor. Kimileri t\u00fcm umutlar\u0131n\u0131 demokrasiye, anayasal y\u00f6netime, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kurumlara veya \u00c7in\u2019in Xi\u2019si ya da Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Putin\u2019i gibi kararl\u0131 ve ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc lidere ba\u011fl\u0131yor. Cevaplar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00e7o\u011falmaya devam ediyor; bunlar\u0131n hepsinin bir \u015fekilde ara\u00e7sal bir de\u011feri olabilir.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fru cevap ise, ger\u00e7ek m\u00fcminlerin i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel olarak bildi\u011fi \u00fczere, her zaman ayn\u0131d\u0131r: \u0130man. Nitekim Peygamber \ufdfa, bu \u00fcmmetin en b\u00fcy\u00fck zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (vehn<\/i>) tarif etmesi istendi\u011finde \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u201cD\u00fcnyaya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sevgi beslemek ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ho\u015f g\u00f6rmemek.\u201d<\/span>3<\/sup><\/a><\/span>Bu, vaaz k\u00fcrs\u00fclerinden i\u015fitece\u011finiz cevapt\u0131r. Ancak Peygamberin \ufdfa buyurdu\u011fu gibi, iman yetmi\u015f k\u00fcs\u00fcr \u015fubeye sahiptir; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla as\u0131l mesele, bunlardan hangilerini kaybetti\u011fimizi ve onlar\u0131 nas\u0131l yeniden kazanabilece\u011fimizi belirlemektir. Bunu yaln\u0131zca teorik olarak de\u011fil, kalplerimizin derinliklerinde de bilmek ve idrak etmektir.<\/p>\n

Cevap, bilmece gibi gizlenmi\u015f olmaktan \u00e7ok uzakt\u0131r; Kur\u2019an okuyucusu i\u00e7in apa\u00e7\u0131k ortadad\u0131r, sanki kula\u011f\u0131m\u0131za hayk\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Allah sadece bunu bize do\u011frudan bildirmekle kalmam\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda bizden \u00f6nce Kitap ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilahi emanet verilenlerin halleri \u00fczerinden de g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Nitekim me\u015fhur bir hadiste Peygamber Efendimiz \ufdfa \u015f\u00f6yle uyar\u0131r: \u201cSizden \u00f6ncekilerin yollar\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, kar\u0131\u015f kar\u0131\u015f takip edeceksiniz; \u00f6yle ki, onlar bir kertenkele deli\u011fine girse, siz de pe\u015flerinden gireceksiniz<\/i>.\u201d Ashap, \u201cEy Allah\u2019\u0131n Resul\u00fc, Yahudiler ve Hristiyanlar\u0131 m\u0131 kastediyorsunuz<\/i>?\u201d diye sordu\u011funda, \u201cBa\u015fka kim olabilir?<\/i>\u201d diye cevap verdi. Kur\u2019an, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki benzerlerimizi anlatarak gelece\u011fin tehlikelerini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serer; imtihanlar\u0131, ayart\u0131c\u0131 tuzaklar\u0131 ve yenilenme ile g\u00fc\u00e7 bulman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki t\u00fcm ihya hareketlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, biz de yeniden Allah\u2019\u0131n kelam\u0131na d\u00f6nmekle i\u015fe ba\u015flamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015f Milletlerden Ders Almak: Siyasi Birlik ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Zorunlulu\u011fu<\/b><\/h4>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, Allah\u2019\u0131n bir toplumu, daha \u00f6nce kendilerine hidayet ve peygamberler l\u00fctfetmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 sebebiyle nas\u0131l cezaland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bildiren bir Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u00ee anlat\u0131m yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

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Ve hat\u0131rlay\u0131n ki, sizden, \u2018Birbirinizin kan\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kmeyecek ve birbirinizi yurtlar\u0131n\u0131zdan \u00e7\u0131karmayacaks\u0131n\u0131z\u2019 diye kesin s\u00f6z alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k; siz de bunu kabul etmi\u015f, buna \u015fahitlik etmi\u015ftiniz. Fakat i\u015fte siz, birbirinizi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor, kendi halk\u0131n\u0131zdan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yurtlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fcyor, onlara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcnah ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131kta birbirinize yard\u0131m ediyorsunuz. Oysa onlar size esir olarak geldiklerinde, onlar\u0131 fidye vererek kurtar\u0131yorsunuz\u2014h\u00e2lbuki onlar\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etmek size haram k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kitab\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131na inan\u0131p bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ink\u00e2r m\u0131 ediyorsunuz? Bunu yapanlar\u0131n cezas\u0131, d\u00fcnya hayat\u0131nda rezil r\u00fcsva olmak ve K\u0131yamet G\u00fcn\u00fc en \u015fiddetli azaba u\u011framaktan ba\u015fka ne olabilir? Allah, yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131zdan asla habersiz de\u011fildir.<\/span>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00fcfessirlerin ittifak etti\u011fi \u00fczere, bu ayetlerde i\u015faret edilen olay, Medineli Yahudi kabilelerinin, Peygamber\u2019in \ufdfa geli\u015fi \u00f6ncesinde, sava\u015f h\u00e2lindeki putperest Arap kabileleriyle siyasi ittifak kurarak kendi dinda\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmalar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn etmeleridir. Bizzat bu Yahudiler, esir d\u00fc\u015fse ya da k\u00f6le olarak al\u0131nsa Tevrat\u2019a g\u00f6re fidye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda onlar\u0131 kurtar\u0131rlard\u0131. Ancak Pagan Arap kabile d\u00fczenine mali ve siyasi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 u\u011fruna d\u00e2hil olmalar\u0131yla, Allah ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 asli ahdi ihlal etmi\u015flerdi. B\u00f6ylece, kendi i\u00e7lerinde sava\u015fan gruplara b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f ve menfaatlerine uygun olan kabilelerle ittifak kurmu\u015flard\u0131. Bununla birlikte, i\u015flerine gelen emirleri titizlikle uyguluyor; sava\u015f esirlerini fidye ile kurtarma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131yorlard\u0131. Halbuki bu esaretin kayna\u011f\u0131 bizzat kendileriydi. Kaynaklar, onlar\u0131n hukuklar\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve hatta bunu yerine getirmek u\u011fruna ciddi \u015fahsi kay\u0131plar\u0131 g\u00f6ze ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir.<\/span>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu ayetlerde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilen g\u00fcnah, siyasi birli\u011fi terk etmektir. \u0130lahi ceza olan \u00e7ifte a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanma –<\/b>bu d\u00fcnyada \u201crezillik<\/b>\u201d ve ahirette \u201c\u015fiddetli azap<\/b>\u201d- ilahi hukuktan se\u00e7ici bir \u015fekilde baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri al\u0131p di\u011ferlerini terk etmelerinden dolay\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Onlar, siyasi birli\u011fi sa\u011flama ve kendi i\u00e7lerindeki her kabilenin ve her m\u00fcminin can\u0131na ve mal\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterme emrini g\u00f6rmezden geldiler. Dikkat \u00e7ekici olan ise, ki\u015fisel hay\u0131rseverlikleri, ibadetlerindeki titizlikleri ve sosyal dindarl\u0131klar\u0131 ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olursa olsun, Kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 uygulamay\u0131 terk ettikleri i\u00e7in k\u00fcfre girdiklerinin<\/b> (tekfur\u016bn<\/i>) a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a beyan edilmesidir. Zira dinda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n canlar\u0131n\u0131 ve mallar\u0131n\u0131 koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne riayet etmemek, onlar\u0131 ilahi ahdin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na itmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Onlar, t\u0131pk\u0131 bug\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ulus-devletler h\u00e2linde b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, kabilelere ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar ve\u00a0 t\u0131pk\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015ferek m\u00fc\u015friklerle ittifak kurdular. \u0130ki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ulus-devlet aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n neredeyse hi\u00e7biri d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ve husumetten azade de\u011fildir. Suudi Arabistan-Yemen, \u0130ran-Irak, Pakistan-Afganistan, M\u0131s\u0131r-Sudan veya Cezayir-Fas\u2026 Hangi s\u0131n\u0131r, rekabet ve kan d\u00f6k\u00fclmesinden uzak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki? \u00dcstelik \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bu d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klar, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131yla yap\u0131lan ittifaklar \u00fczerinden s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Suudi-\u0130ran rekabeti, uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgeyi kas\u0131p kavurmu\u015f, sadece son on y\u0131lda Suriye ve Yemen\u2019de vicdanlar\u0131 sarsan katliamlara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Gazze\u2019nin neredeyse t\u00fcm M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ulus-devletler taraf\u0131ndan ihanete u\u011framas\u0131 ise, ayette haber verilen \u00e7ifte a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanman\u0131n<\/b> en g\u00fcncel hat\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara sek\u00fcler ulus-devletle uzla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011f\u00fctleyenler, Allah’\u0131n bir zamanlar se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olan bir kavmi \u00e7e\u015fitli milletlere ay\u0131r\u0131p da\u011f\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetli bir ceza olarak nitelendirdi\u011fine dikkat etmelidir: \u201cOnlar\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde \u00e7e\u015fitli milletlere ay\u0131rd\u0131k.\u201d<\/span>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span>Bundan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak ders \u015fudur: \u0130lahi vahyin emanet edildi\u011fi bir \u00fcmmet, onu g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ederek veya Kitap\u2019tan diledi\u011fini al\u0131p diledi\u011fini terk ederek asla y\u00fckselip ilerleyemez. Aksi halde, \u00e7ifte a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanma ilahi gazap olarak ona musallat olur. Ki\u015fisel inan\u00e7 ve ibadetlerde titiz olmak, e\u011fer \u00fcmmet dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 emrini bile bile ihmal ediyorsak, hi\u00e7bir fayda sa\u011flamaz.<\/p>\n

Kur\u2019an ve S\u00fcnnet, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak \u201csizden \u00f6ncekilerin\u201d hatalar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmemeleri konusunda uyar\u0131r. Bu hatalar i\u00e7inde en a\u011f\u0131r ve en s\u0131k tekrar edilen g\u00fcnah, m\u00fcminler aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve ihtilaft\u0131r. Allah, kendilerine vahiy verilmi\u015f topluluklar\u0131 uyar\u0131rken \u00f6zellikle i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, par\u00e7alanma ve haddi a\u015fma g\u00fcnah\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Daha spesifik olarak, bu hatay\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan temel kavramlar bir\u00e7ok ayette \u015fu \u015fekilde ge\u00e7mektedir: Tefrika <\/i>(b\u00f6l\u00fcnme), ihtil\u00e2f <\/i>(anla\u015fmazl\u0131k), ten\u00e2zu\u2018 <\/i>(\u00e7eki\u015fme ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma) ve ba\u011fy<\/i><\/span>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span>(haddi a\u015fma ve zul\u00fcm). Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Allah, birli\u011fi, yani kalplerin ve g\u00fc\u00e7lerin bir araya gelmesini (ta\u02bel\u012bf<\/i>) ve Allah\u2019\u0131n ipine hep birlikte sar\u0131lmay\u0131 (i\u02bftis\u0101m<\/i>), en b\u00fcy\u00fck nimetlerden ve ilahi l\u00fctfun en a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015faretlerinden biri olarak ilan etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bir din\u00ee topluluk siyasi \u00f6zerkli\u011fini kaybedip farkl\u0131 siyasi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00fcnyalara da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, onun dini b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak zedelenir. Yahudi tarihindeki bu ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyen, Yahudi k\u00f6kenli \u00f6nde gelen Amerikal\u0131 siyaset teorisyeni Michael Walzer, siyasi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yitirilmesinin din \u00fczerinde nas\u0131l k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fimlere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle ifade eder: \u201cYahudi diasporas\u0131ndaki yazarlar, o metinde [\u0130bran\u00ee Kitab-\u0131 Mukaddes\u2019te] temsil edilen deneyimi yeniden ya\u015fayamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, onun anlam\u0131na dair k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir yeniden yorumlamaya veya daha do\u011frusu bir dizi yeniden yoruma zorland\u0131lar.\u201d<\/span>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span>Bunu, \u0130mam M\u00e2verd\u00ee\u2019nin (\u00f6. 1058) daha ilham verici s\u00f6zleriyle ifade edecek olursak:<\/p>\n

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Hi\u00e7bir din, siyasi otoritesini kaybetti\u011finde h\u00fck\u00fcmleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilmeden ve sembolleri silinmeden kalamaz; \u00f6yle ki, her lider ona yeni bir bid\u2019at ekler ve her \u00e7a\u011f ona yeni bir zay\u0131fl\u0131k getirir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, kalpleri birle\u015ftiren ve insanlar\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerine g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak boyun e\u011fmeye, onun u\u011frunda teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz yard\u0131mla\u015fmaya sevk eden bir dinden mahrum olan hi\u00e7bir siyasi yap\u0131 istikrar ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe ula\u015famaz. B\u00f6yle bir y\u00f6netim, eninde sonunda zorbal\u0131\u011fa ve yozla\u015fmaya s\u00fcr\u00fcklenir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130slam\u2019\u0131 sek\u00fclerle\u015ftirip \u00f6zel bir alana hapsetmenin, modern \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck krall\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n siyasetini benimsemenin -ki bunlar, art\u0131k tarihten silinmi\u015f End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn \u1e6d\u0101\u02beifa krall\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131rmaktad\u0131r- kendilerini yakla\u015fan rekonkistadan<\/span>9<\/sup><\/a><\/span>koruyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sananlar, ya da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi ac\u0131lara ihanet etmelerine ra\u011fmen dini kurtulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmeyece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler, bir kez daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelidir. End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck krall\u0131klar\u0131, nihayetinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n toptan yok edilmesi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019ndan silinmesiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tarihi \u00f6rnek, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplulu\u011fun kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu tehditler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ibret verici bir uyar\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6zetle, ilahi emanetin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015f olan \u00fcmmete, yani bizlere oldu\u011fu gibi \u0130srailo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019na da verilen en temel emir \u015fudur: \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n ipine hep birlikte sar\u0131l\u0131n ve ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmeyin.\u201d<\/span>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span>Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Kur\u2019an ayn\u0131 zamanda Allah\u2019\u0131n mesaj\u0131n\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla benimsemenin d\u00fcnyevi refaha, uyuma ve dayan\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, ihtilaf ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnmenin ise ilahi mesaj\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n unutulmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu oldu\u011funu bildirir: \u201cOnlara hat\u0131rlat\u0131lan \u015feylerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 unuttular, biz de aralar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ve kin sald\u0131k.\u201d<\/span>12<\/sup><\/a><\/span>Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n ipine sar\u0131lmak\u201d emrinde birle\u015fen iki temel ilke -Allah\u2019\u0131n dinini b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle benimsemek ve bunu, m\u00fcminler olarak dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek- bir madalyonun iki y\u00fcz\u00fc gibidir; biri olmadan di\u011feri tamamlanmaz.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00dcmmet ahdi \u00f6zel ve e\u015fsiz bir ba\u011fd\u0131r.<\/b><\/h4>\n

\u00dcmmet, di\u011fer t\u00fcm milletlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fahitlik etmek \u00fczere se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve bu g\u00f6revle \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir topluluk oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in istisnai bir konuma sahiptir. Bu \u00fcmmetin se\u00e7ilmi\u015fli\u011fi<\/b>, yani \u00fcmmet olarak ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131, yukar\u0131da bahsedilen Allah ile yap\u0131lan ahitle sa\u011flan\u0131rve bu ahit hem bu d\u00fcnyadaki hem de ahiretteki ba\u015far\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fcmmetinin istisnai oldu\u011funa, yani Allah\u2019a \u00f6zel bir ahitle ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanmak asl\u0131nda yeni ya da s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce de\u011fildir. \u0130nan\u00e7 esaslar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar her zaman Hz. Muhammed\u2019in \ufdfa son peygamber oldu\u011funa ve bu y\u00fczden \u00fcmmetin Allah\u2019\u0131n son vahyinin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve tebli\u011fcisi olmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011funa inanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu inanc\u0131n do\u011fal bir sonucu ise, bu \u00fcmmetin Allah\u2019a isyan ederek asla geli\u015fip y\u00fckselemeyece\u011fidir. Ancak bu inanc\u0131n siyasi ve sosyal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yeterince anla\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fcmmet, se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve istisnai bir topluluk oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, Allah\u2019\u0131n rehberli\u011fini terk ederek ya da kitab\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kabul edip bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 reddederek asla ger\u00e7ek bir ilerleme kaydedemez.<\/p>\n

Bu durum, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ulus-devletlerin d\u00fcnyev\u00ee refaha ula\u015famamas\u0131n\u0131n nedenini de a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir. Sek\u00fclerizmi, kapitalizmi, milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ve di\u011fer ideolojileri benimseyerek g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanan inan\u00e7s\u0131z milletleri taklit eden M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletler, ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntemleri uygulamalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen benzer bir ba\u015far\u0131 elde edememi\u015ftir. Bu, \u00fcmmetin se\u00e7ilmi\u015fli\u011fi olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ilkenin do\u011fal bir sonucudur. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n izzet ve g\u00fcc\u00fc (\u02bfizza<\/i>) inan\u00e7s\u0131zlar\u0131 taklit ederek aramaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 her zaman ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanacakt\u0131r. Nitekim \u0130mam M\u00e2lik\u2019in (r.a.) \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fc de tam olarak bu ger\u00e7e\u011fe i\u015faret eder: \u201cBu \u00fcmmetin sonraki nesilleri, ancak \u00f6nceki seleflerini ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131ran \u015feyle ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu se\u00e7ilmi\u015fli\u011fin bizim i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6n\u00fc, \u00fcmmet birli\u011fi ile ilahi rehberlik nimeti aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131d\u0131r. Peygamber \ufdfa \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u201cAllah, benim \u00fcmmetimi dal\u00e2let \u00fczerinde birle\u015ftirmez.<\/span>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span>Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, klasik m\u00fcfessirlerin yorumuna g\u00f6re, peygamberlik vazifesinin t\u00fcm \u00fcmmete miras b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiren Kur\u2019an ayetlerinde de \u00f6rt\u00fck olarak yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/span>14<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Sek\u00fcler tarih\u00e7iler bile \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n se\u00e7ilmi\u015fli\u011finin baz\u0131 y\u00f6nlerini kabul etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u0130slam hilafetinin Bat\u0131 Asya\u2019daki binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k imparatorluk tarihindeki benzersizli\u011fi, do\u011frudan bir din\u00ee mesaj taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Oysa d\u00fcnya tarihindeki b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluklar\u0131n geni\u015flemelerinde genel norm, dinin \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yaln\u0131zca bir imparatorluk ideolojisinin arac\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cD\u00fcnya tarihindeki di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck olaylardan daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve erken d\u00f6nem hilafetin kurulmas\u0131, fikirlerin de insanl\u0131k meselelerinde belirleyici bir rol oynayabilece\u011fini ve bazen g\u00fc\u00e7 dengelerine do\u011frudan etki ederek uzun vadeli ve temel toplumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131n \u015fekillenmesini sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/span>15<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir ki, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, d\u00fcnyevi alanlarda en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131, en a\u00e7\u0131k fikirli ve en basiretli olduklar\u0131 d\u00f6nemleri, -dinlerini terk ederek bu erdemleri buldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lan di\u011fer medeniyetlerin tersine- \u0130slam ile y\u00f6netildikleri zamanlarda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Din tarih\u00e7ileri, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer dinler aras\u0131nda benzersiz bir konuma sahip oldu\u011funu belirlemi\u015flerdir. Bu benzersizlik, onun kurucu metninde kendisini ayr\u0131 bir din olarak a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tan\u0131mlamas\u0131, kutsal kitab\u0131n\u0131n ve mesaj\u0131n\u0131n korunmu\u015f olmas\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n dinlerinin hakikatini ve g\u00fcncelli\u011fini \u0131srarla vurgulamaya devam etmeleriyle ilgilidir.<\/span>16<\/sup><\/a><\/span>Ayr\u0131ca bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n sosyal ve siyasi kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n modern \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, hesap verebilir y\u00f6netim, siyasi bilin\u00e7 ve dayan\u0131\u015fma anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 alternatif olarak hem son derece cazip hem de sa\u011flam oldu\u011funu g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman siyasi kimli\u011fi\u2026 Modernitenin e\u015fi\u011finde belirgin bir fark yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Modern ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, milliyet\u00e7i paradigman\u0131n getirdi\u011fi engellere ra\u011fmen, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kimli\u011fi yeterince diren\u00e7li oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f ve ileti\u015fim teknolojilerinin h\u0131zla geli\u015fmesinden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde faydalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n eski d\u00f6nemlerde sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131 yeniden g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015f ve \u00f6nemli ulus \u00f6tesi seferberlik \u00f6rneklerini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin bu modern g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde bile etnik kimlikler, ahlaki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc koruyamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun \u00f6ncelikle kendilerini \u00fclkelerinin vatanda\u015flar\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 bunun bir kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/span>17<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bu ve benzeri tarih\u00ee ve doktrinel y\u00f6nleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u0130slam hem en modern din hem de Bat\u0131 modernitesine en b\u00fcy\u00fck meydan okuma olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span>18<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6zetle, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar olarak kalk\u0131nma ve geli\u015fim yolumuzM\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlarda insani ve kurumsal geli\u015fime olan acil ihtiya\u00e7 \u00fcmmet eksenli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u00fcmmetin birli\u011fine ve dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 temeline dayanmal\u0131 ve \u00fcmmetin ilahi emr\u0131 yerine getirmesine y\u00f6nelik olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun z\u0131dd\u0131 ise, ilahi bir ceza olan \u00e7ifte zillete daha da derinlemesine s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmektir.<\/p>\n

","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu yaz\u0131, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman birli\u011finin gereklili\u011fini savunan bir dizi tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ilkidir. Serinin giri\u015f yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 buradan okuyabilirsiniz. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u064f\u062d\u064f \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064f\u062d\u064e \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u201cBu \u00fcmmetin sonraki nesilleri, ancak ilk \u00f6nc\u00fclerin ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u015feyle ba\u015far\u0131 kazanacakt\u0131r.\u201d \u00d6zet: Allah ile olan \u00fcmmet s\u00f6zle\u015fmemiz hem bir \u015feref hem de bir sorumluluktur. Bu, \u00fcmmetin bu d\u00fcnyada […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11177,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[162,166,167],"tags":[174],"class_list":["post-12070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arastirma-makaleleri","category-islami-kurallar","category-ummetiksin-temelleri","tag-arastirma-makaleleri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12070","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12070"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12070\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11177"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12070"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12070"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12070"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}