{"id":12225,"date":"2023-08-14T11:48:41","date_gmt":"2023-08-14T11:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/?p=12225"},"modified":"2025-11-24T18:05:27","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T18:05:27","slug":"islamvesiyahlik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/islamvesiyahlik\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr. Jonathan Brown\u2019\u0131n Kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla \u0130slam ve Siyahl\u0131k"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mnX7i5-zFGM?si=NUPJo2Ly7e59wfqu\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/h3>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>\u00dcmmetiks Kolokyumu: \u0130slam ve Siyahl\u0131k<\/h3>\n<h5>\u00d6zet<\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u011fustos 2023 kolokyumunda, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda Simon and Schuster taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Islam and Blackness<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> adl\u0131 son kitab\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131tan Dr. Jonathan A. C. Brown konuk edildi. Etkinli\u011fin moderat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Dr. Usaama al-Azami \u00fcstlenirken, Dr. James Jones ve Dr. Muhammad Khalifa panelist olarak katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kitap, Brown\u2019\u0131n bir \u00f6nceki eseri <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Islam and Slavery<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019nin devam\u0131 niteli\u011finde olup, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n kutsal metinler ve hadisler d\u00fczeyinde \u201csiyahi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131\u201d olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair s\u00fcregelen tart\u0131\u015fmalara yan\u0131t olarak kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Brown, bu konuyu ele alan ba\u015fka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n da mevcut oldu\u011funu, ancak kendi eserinin mevcut literat\u00fcrdeki ba\u011flamsal eksiklikleri gidermeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brown, Bat\u0131 s\u00f6ylemlerinde \u0130slami k\u00f6lelik ve siyahi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n neden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fini ve neden Bat\u0131\u2019daki baz\u0131 yazarlar\u0131n bu meselelerin Arap ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ele al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131nda bulundu\u011funu sorgulayarak tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ba\u015flar. Bu t\u00fcr endi\u015felerin \u00fc\u00e7 ana nedene dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Birincisi, \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00f6le tacirinin Avrupal\u0131y\u0131 k\u00f6lele\u015ftirmesi\u201d korkusuna dayanan tarihsel bir endi\u015fedir. Bu durum, 1500\u20131700 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Bat\u0131 Avrupa k\u00f6lelik tecr\u00fcbesine kadar uzan\u0131r. O d\u00f6nemde Fas, Cezayir ve Tunus k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman korsanlar, Avrupal\u0131 gemileri ele ge\u00e7irip esirleri fidye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iade etmek \u00fczere k\u00f6lele\u015ftiriyorlard\u0131. Bu olaylar, Bat\u0131 Avrupa k\u00fclt\u00fcrel tahayy\u00fcl\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir yer edinmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00f6le ticareti meselesi de bu ba\u011flamda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir endi\u015fe konusu haline gelmi\u015ftir. 1800\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Britanya ve Amerika\u2019daki k\u00f6lelik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketlerin Atlantik k\u00f6le ticaretini sona erdirmesinin ard\u0131ndan, dikkatler \u201cMuhammed\u00ee k\u00f6le ticareti\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan tek kalan k\u00f6lelik bi\u00e7imine \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. 1830\u2019lardan sonra bu durum, k\u00f6lelik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketlerin ba\u015fl\u0131ca odak noktas\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130kinci neden, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde y\u00fckselen Afrika-merkezci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve Siyah milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi hareketleriyle ilgilidir. Bu hareketler, k\u0131smen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00f6le taciri fig\u00fcr\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan tahrip edilmi\u015f hayali bir Afrika ge\u00e7mi\u015fiyle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f, Arap-M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00f6le tacirini t\u0131pk\u0131 Amerika\u2019daki beyaz Hristiyan gibi Afrika medeniyetini tehdit eden ve yok eden bir d\u00fc\u015fman olarak konumland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Chancellor Williams\u2019\u0131n 1971\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Destruction of Black Civilization<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 buna \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel tahayy\u00fclde, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve \u0130slam Afrika\u2019ya tamamen yabanc\u0131, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc neden ise, 1960\u2019lardan itibaren y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u0130srail yanl\u0131s\u0131 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hasbara<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (kamu diplomasisi) faaliyetleriyle ilgilidir. Bu s\u00f6ylemler, Araplar\u0131n ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n siyahi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ve k\u00f6leci oldu\u011fu iddialar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fckleyerek Bat\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fen \u201c\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131\u201d par\u00e7alamakta ve Siyonistleri \u201c\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131\u201d, Araplar\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ise \u201c\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131\u201d olarak konumland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Arap ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00f6leli\u011fi konusunu neden daha fazla tart\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sorgulayan yaz\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131, iki gruptan gelmektedir: \u201cBat\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d savunan \u015fovenistler ve \u0130srail yanl\u0131s\u0131 ki\u015filer.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu iddialara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak Brown, Arap ve \u0130slami k\u00f6lelik meselelerine ciddi bi\u00e7imde e\u011filmenin, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ne oldu\u011fu, Araplar\u0131n kim oldu\u011fu ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n neyi temsil etti\u011fi konusundaki yanl\u0131\u015f varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 d\u00fczeltmeyi gerektirdi\u011fini savunur. Mevcut tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, \u0130slam\u2019a sonradan ge\u00e7mi\u015f Hristiyan k\u00f6le tacirlerinin \u201c\u0130slami k\u00f6lelik\u201d olgusuna dahil edilip edilmeyece\u011fi veya Afrikal\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n k\u00f6lele\u015ftirilmesi meselesi gibi temel sorularla yeterince y\u00fczle\u015fmedi\u011fini belirtir. Ayr\u0131ca, renk ve \u0131rk kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n tarih i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u201csiyahl\u0131k\u201d ve \u201cbeyazl\u0131k\u201d kategorilerinin kimler taraf\u0131ndan ve hangi ama\u00e7larla \u00fcretildi\u011fini anlamadan bu konular\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgular.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brown, kitab\u0131nda bu sorulara ve \u0130slam tarihi boyunca bu kategorilerin nas\u0131l ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011finir. Ona g\u00f6re, Hz. Muhammed d\u00f6nemindeki Arap k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u201csiyahl\u0131k\u201d belirli bir ten renginden ziyade \u201cd\u0131\u015farl\u0131kl\u0131 olma\u201dy\u0131 ifade eden bir kavramd\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sahabe Bilal\u2019in siyah oldu\u011fundan s\u0131k\u00e7a bahsedilirken, Amr ibn al-As veya Sufyan ibn-\u00dcmeyye gibi di\u011fer \u00f6nde gelen ki\u015filerin de siyahi olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu y\u00f6nleriyle an\u0131lmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Bunun nedeni, Bilal\u2019in aksine onlar\u0131n \u201cd\u0131\u015farl\u0131kl\u0131\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brown, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Akdeniz d\u00fcnyas\u0131na yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte Greko-Romen k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tevrat gelene\u011finden miras kalan \u0131rksal kal\u0131plar\u0131 da devrald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. \u0130slam medeniyetinde siyahi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ve bug\u00fcn var oldu\u011funu kabul etmekle birlikte, bunun \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zsel bir unsuru de\u011fil, tarihsel olarak tali bir olgu oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrer. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc, \u0130bn Haldun, es-S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee ve \u0130bn el-Cevz\u00ee gibi \u00f6nemli \u00e2limlerin siyahi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6ylemleri reddetmi\u015f olmalar\u0131yla destekler. Ayr\u0131ca, baz\u0131 \u0130slami hukuk yorumlar\u0131nda siyahi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ifadelerin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine ra\u011fmen (\u00f6rne\u011fin Malik\u00ee hukukunda \u201csiyah kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6rt\u00fcnmek zorunda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d \u015feklindeki h\u00fck\u00fcm gibi), bunun hukukun \u00f6z\u00fcnden de\u011fil, geleneksel al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klardan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur. Nitekim Malik\u00ee anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n bu konudaki yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerde kabul g\u00f6rmemi\u015ftir; \u00f6rne\u011fin 1500\u20131900 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Mekke\u2019de Habe\u015f kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n en g\u00fczel ve en se\u00e7kin kad\u0131nlar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi bunun g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Yan\u0131tlar<\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. James Jones, Brown\u2019un sunumuna cevaben, kitab\u0131n hem k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 hem de entelekt\u00fcel olarak kapsay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Ona g\u00f6re entelekt\u00fcel a\u00e7\u0131dan k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmak, Peygamber\u00ee gelene\u011fin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00f6\u011frenme amac\u0131yla provoke etmek \u00f6nemlidir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu yakla\u015f\u0131m insanlar\u0131 \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fmalara d\u00e2hil eder. Jones ayr\u0131ca, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki siyahi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u015fey oldu\u011funu iddia etmenin entelekt\u00fcel a\u00e7\u0131dan tembelce bir yakla\u015f\u0131m oldu\u011funu, bu t\u00fcr bir iddian\u0131n bizi anlaml\u0131 olmayan sonu\u00e7lara g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ona g\u00f6re Brown\u2019un kitab\u0131, siyahi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 meselesinin \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f pop\u00fcler s\u00f6ylemlerin sundu\u011fundan \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir olgu oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jones, Brown\u2019un kitab\u0131nda baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli kaynaklar\u0131n yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da belirtmi\u015ftir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda Ibram X. Kendi\u2019nin <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to Be an Anti-Racist<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> adl\u0131 eseri ile Gordon Allport\u2019un <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Nature of Prejudice<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Jones\u2019a g\u00f6re, Allport\u2019un kitab\u0131, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve siyahi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bireysel d\u00fczeydeki etkilerini ele almak i\u00e7in uygun bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Muhammad Khalifa ise, Brown\u2019un sunumuna yan\u0131t olarak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6zellikle \u0130slam tarihiyle ili\u015fkilendirilen \u201csiyahl\u0131k\u201d ve \u201csiyahi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n teorik temellendirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katk\u0131 sundu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir. Khalifa, Brown\u2019un kitab\u0131n\u0131n Hz. Muhammed\u2019in ve \u0130slam gelene\u011finin \u00f6zsel olarak siyahi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki yanl\u0131\u015f kanaatleri etkili bi\u00e7imde \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bununla birlikte, Khalifa kitab\u0131n baz\u0131 y\u00f6nleri \u00fczerine ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini de \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle, siyahl\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin baz\u0131 Arap tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirmenin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ip savunman\u0131n ne kadar verimli oldu\u011fu sorusunu g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, \u201cbeyazl\u0131k\u201d kavram\u0131na tarihsel olarak i\u00e7kin olan siyahl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n daha kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n eserde yararl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khalifa\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6neltti\u011fi bir di\u011fer soru, Brown\u2019un siyahi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarihine ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluluklar\u0131ndaki siyahi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara y\u00f6nelik indirgemeci ve insanl\u0131ktan uzak bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olup olamayaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, bu konunun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u015fekilde ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca, \u201csiyah bilgi sistemleri\u201dnin (Black epistemologies) ve \u201csiyah varolu\u015f bi\u00e7imlerinin\u201d yeterince anla\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n ve tan\u0131nmamas\u0131n\u0131n da siyahi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir bi\u00e7imi olabilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khalifa\u2019n\u0131n son olarak vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mesele, iktidar ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel mek\u00e2nlarla ilgilidir. \u00d6zellikle, camilerde e\u015fitlik\u00e7i inan\u00e7 beyanlar\u0131yla pratikteki ayr\u0131mc\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin s\u0131kl\u0131kla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmi\u015ftir. Sherman Jackson\u2019\u0131n fikirlerine at\u0131fta bulunarak, siyahi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bizzat bir <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">k\u00fcf\u00fcr<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> bi\u00e7imi olarak de\u011ferlendirilip de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fini sormu\u015f ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f siyahi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n bu t\u00fcr sorularla daha a\u00e7\u0131k ve ciddi bi\u00e7imde ilgilenmesi gerekti\u011fini \u00f6nermi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Tart\u0131\u015fma<\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brown: Baz\u0131 insanlar i\u00e7in \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, niyetle de\u011fil, belirli bir sisteme olan yak\u0131nl\u0131kla ilgilidir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde iki farkl\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k tan\u0131m\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r ve her ikisini de dikkate almam\u0131z gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brown: \u00c7o\u011fu erken d\u00f6nem M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131 i\u00e7in siyahl\u0131k yaln\u0131zca bir betimlemeydi. 1200\u2019lerden sonra ise olumsuz bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brown: \u201cBeyazl\u0131k\u201d kavram\u0131 \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek \u00f6nemlidir; ancak ben \u201cbeyazl\u0131k\u201d hakk\u0131nda olumlu hi\u00e7bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 desteklemiyorum. Bu kavram, belirli gruplar\u0131 \u201c\u00f6tekile\u015ftirmek\u201d amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmu\u015f, temelde olumsuz bir tarihsel in\u015fad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brown: Amerika\u2019daki camiler, toplulu\u011fumuzun yarar\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131 ad\u0131na, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 nedenlerle, liderli\u011fi siyahi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara devretmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">al-Azami: Genel olarak modern \u00fcmmet i\u00e7inde \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n merkezi bir mesele oldu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir. \u00dcmmet ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n rol\u00fc nedir? E\u011fer milyarlarca M\u00fcsl\u00fcman aras\u0131nda dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yeniden tesis etmek istiyorsak, etnik, dilsel ve \u0131rksal ayr\u0131mlar bu \u00e7abay\u0131 nas\u0131l zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jones: M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplulu\u011fun bir par\u00e7as\u0131ysan\u0131z, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 anlamak gibi bir sorumlulu\u011funuz vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc siyahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n elli y\u0131l \u00f6ncekinden farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu kavramak bu sorumlulu\u011fun bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, siyahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n insanl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131c\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma bi\u00e7imi olarak da kullan\u0131labildi\u011fini anlamalar\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khalifa: S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde siyahi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011fa dair \u0130slami bir yan\u0131t nerede? G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u201cbeyazl\u0131k\u201d, normalle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez hale getirilmi\u015f bir g\u00f6stergedir. Beyaz ve siyah bireylerin benzer davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Neden? \u0130slami gelenek bu konuda konu\u015fabilir ve konu\u015fmaktad\u0131r; ancak bunu daha do\u011frudan bi\u00e7imde ele almam\u0131z gerekmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brown: Amerika\u2019daki sorun, \u201cbeyaz\u201d normlar\u0131n \u2018urf\u2019 olarak kabul edilmesidir; herkesin buna uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131 beklenmektedir. \u201cBeyazla\u015fan\u201d insanlar \u2014\u00f6rne\u011fin \u0130talyanlar\u2014 sonunda kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Siyahiler ise hi\u00e7bir zaman ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kabul edilmeyecektir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluluklar\u0131ndaki sorun yaln\u0131zca siyahi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir; as\u0131l mesele, hepimizin \u201cbeyaz \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir norm olarak i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmi\u015f olmam\u0131zd\u0131r. Amerika\u2019daki ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 banliy\u00f6l\u00fc Desiler ve Araplar beyaz insanlar gibi davranmakta, \u201cbeyazl\u0131k\u201d fikrini bir kutup y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 gibi g\u00f6rmekte ve bu fikir onlar\u0131n \u201ciyi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dahi \u015fekillendirmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">al-Azami: \u201cBeyazl\u0131k\u201dtan bahsederken bir fenotipten de\u011fil, bir medeniyet tavr\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediyoruz. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Amerika\u2019ya uyum sa\u011flayabilmeleri i\u00e7in belirli medeniyetsel zorunluluklara uyum g\u00f6stermeleri gerekmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Khalifa: Bir\u00e7ok gen\u00e7 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, beyaz \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r; ancak g\u00f6\u00e7men \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc meselesini kamusal M\u00fcsl\u00fcman alanlarda tart\u0131\u015fmaya istekli de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jones: S\u0131n\u0131f ile sokak farkl\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131fta siyahi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve beyaz \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc tart\u0131\u015fmak bir \u015feydir; ancak bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 fiil\u00ee eylem ve davran\u0131\u015f modelleri geli\u015ftirmek ba\u015fka bir meseledir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jones: Ayr\u0131ca, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve cinsiyet\u00e7ili\u011fin ikiz olgular oldu\u011funu da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemiz gerekir. \u0130leriye gitmek istiyorsak, bu iki olgunun birbirine nas\u0131l i\u00e7kin oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bu tart\u0131\u015fma, Dr. Jonathan A. C. Brown\u2019\u0131n Islam and Blackness \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u0130slam, siyahl\u0131k ve tarihsel \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k s\u00f6ylemlerinin entelekt\u00fcel k\u00f6kenlerini inceler; modern M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluluklarda \u0131rk, aidiyet ve \u00fcmmet dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesine y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirel bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunar.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":263,"featured_media":12226,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[188],"tags":[190],"class_list":["post-12225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kolokyum","tag-kolokyum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/263"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12225"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12225\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}