{"id":12230,"date":"2025-07-06T12:24:59","date_gmt":"2025-07-06T12:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/?p=12230"},"modified":"2025-12-04T11:40:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T11:40:18","slug":"ekonomikbirlik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/ekonomikbirlik\/","title":{"rendered":"Ekonomik Birli\u011fi Yeniden D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek: Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nden \u00dcmmete"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Us4fSE5n4SQ?si=JlC9ynof-GNIinXa\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>A\u00e7\u0131klama<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Toplumlar\u0131 bir arada tutan unsur nedir: Ortak de\u011ferler mi, yoksa ortak d\u00fc\u015fmanlar m\u0131? Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndan sava\u015f sonras\u0131 antla\u015fmalara ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f pop\u00fclizmin y\u00fckseli\u015fine kadar, Avrupa birli\u011fi s\u0131kl\u0131kla elit anlat\u0131lar, sembolik krizler ve kar\u015f\u0131t kimlikler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ekonomik birlik vizyonu jeopolitik korkuya veya maddi \u00e7\u0131karlara de\u011fil; tevhid, adalet ve ahlaki ekonomi gibi i\u00e7sel bir ahlaki temele dayan\u0131r. \u0130lahi bir amaca dayal\u0131 ulus\u00f6tesi bir kimlik, k\u00fcresel kapitalizmin bask\u0131lar\u0131na ve modern ulus-devletin par\u00e7alanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koyabilir mi? Bu kolokyumda, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> gazetesi Ekonomi Edit\u00f6r\u00fc ve <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019\u0131n eski AB muhabiri Mehreen Khan\u2019\u0131, kimlik, sembolik sermaye ve ekonomik tahayy\u00fcl\u00fcn hem Bat\u0131l\u0131 hem de \u00fcmmet merkezli entegrasyon projelerini nas\u0131l \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye davet ediyoruz. Liberal d\u00fczenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7ok kutuplu alternatiflerin y\u00fckseldi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde, bu oturum \u015fu soruyu g\u00fcndeme getiriyor: Elit g\u00fcc\u00fcn ve teknokratik kontrol\u00fcn ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir d\u00fcnyada, \u0130slami k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sermayeye dayal\u0131, adem-i merkeziyet\u00e7i ve tabandan yukar\u0131ya i\u015fleyen modeller me\u015fruiyet kazanabilir mi? Mehreen Khan, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k) gazetesinde Ekonomi Edit\u00f6r\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rev yapmakta olup, daha \u00f6nce <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019ta Br\u00fcksel Muhabiri olarak AB siyaseti, ekonomik y\u00f6neti\u015fim ve d\u00fczenleyici politika \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaz\u0131lar\u0131, k\u00fcresel piyasalar, kimlik ve siyasal g\u00fc\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki kesi\u015fimleri irdelemekte; \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131 liberal \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin \u00f6tesindeki alternatif ekonomik tahayy\u00fcllerle ilgilenmektedir. Oturum ve ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen soru-cevap b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Hamad Bin Halife \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Dr. Usaama Al-Azami taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u00d6zet<\/h3>\n<h5>Sunum<\/h5>\n<h6><i>Tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u00c7er\u00e7evelemek: Entegrasyon, Kimlik ve \u0130ktidar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131<\/i><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik birlik, Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin (AB) elit g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc ve teknokratik entegrasyonundan farkl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir mi?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB\u2019nin evrimini \u0130slami ekonomik birlik vizyonuyla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak, kimlik, me\u015fruiyet, egemenlik ve de\u011ferler gibi temel meseleleri g\u00fcndeme getirmektedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu tart\u0131\u015fma akademik teoriden ziyade gazetecilik deneyimine, \u00f6zellikle alt\u0131 y\u0131l s\u00fcren Br\u00fcksel merkezli AB muhabirli\u011fine dayanmaktad\u0131r ve \u00fc\u00e7 temel tema etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenmektedir:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB\u2019de ulus-devletten \u00fcye-devlete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB\u2019nin piyasa merkezli neoliberalizmin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ip ge\u00e7ememesi,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB\u2019nin ekonomik egemenli\u011finin kapsam\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ve bunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in anlam\u0131.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><i>Ulus-Devletten \u00dcye-Devlete: M\u00fcsl\u00fcman D\u00fcnya \u0130\u00e7in Dersler<\/i><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christopher Bickerton\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, AB entegrasyonunun \u201c\u00fcye-devlet\u201d ad\u0131nda yeni bir siyasal varl\u0131k olu\u015fturdu\u011funa ili\u015fkin analizi \u015fekillendirmektedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ulus-devletten farkl\u0131 olarak, \u00fcye-devletler \u00f6nemli bir otoriteyi Avrupa Komisyonu ve Avrupa Parlamentosu gibi ulus-\u00fcst\u00fc AB kurumlar\u0131na devretmektedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u015funlar\u0131 beraberinde getirir:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Me\u015fruiyet merkezinin ulusal h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerden AB kurumlar\u0131na kaymas\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Halk\u0131n karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden kopmas\u0131 ve bir \u201cdemokratik a\u00e7\u0131k\u201d olu\u015fmas\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Halk iradesinden ziyade elit mutabakat\u0131na dayal\u0131 teknokratik bir y\u00f6neti\u015fim modeli.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu de\u011fi\u015fim M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in hem bir uyar\u0131 hem de bir imk\u00e2n niteli\u011findedir. Ulus-devletler \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u0130slami birli\u011fi engellerken, \u00fcye-devlet kavram\u0131 tabandan yukar\u0131ya in\u015fa edilip ortak \u0130slami de\u011ferlere dayand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde daha tutarl\u0131 bir model sunabilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n travmas\u0131na verilen bir tepki olarak korku ve g\u00fcvensizlikten beslenen yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya bir yap\u0131lanma s\u00fcreciyle olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur; bu nedenle s\u0131k\u0131 bir hukuki ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir entegrasyon projesi ortak etik ve de\u011ferler etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenen organik bir \u00fcmmet dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilebilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><i>Ekonomik Entegrasyon ve Piyasay\u0131 A\u015fma Yan\u0131lsamas\u0131<\/i><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB neoliberalizmi a\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; aksine, neoliberalizmin en \u00f6nemli ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir. AB\u2019nin en dikkat \u00e7ekici ekonomik ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, \u201cd\u00f6rt \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d ilkesine (mal, sermaye, hizmet ve insanlar\u0131n serbest dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131) dayanan Tek Pazar\u2019\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ancak bu piyasa birli\u011fi:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6ncelikle sermayeye ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlere hizmet etmektedir,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emek ve sosyal refah yerine ekonomik elitleri desteklemektedir,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neoliberal normlar\u0131 antla\u015fmalar, d\u00fczenlemeler ve y\u00f6nergeler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelerde, \u00f6zellikle siyasi sa\u011fda, AB ilerici veya \u201cuyan\u0131k\u201d bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak alg\u0131lansa da, genetik yap\u0131s\u0131 itibar\u0131yla piyasac\u0131 olmaya devam etmektedir. 1980\u20131990\u2019larda neoliberal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmle birlikte AB, e\u015fitsizlikleri azaltmak yerine \u00e7o\u011fu zaman derinle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><i>Ekonomik Egemenlik: G\u00fc\u00e7, E\u015fitsizlik ve D\u0131\u015f K\u0131s\u0131tlar<\/i><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB ekonomik egemenli\u011fini hem i\u00e7te hem d\u0131\u015fta, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman asimetrik ve hesap vermez bi\u00e7imlerde kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>\u0130\u00e7eride,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Avro B\u00f6lgesi yap\u0131sal e\u015fitsizli\u011fin somut \u00f6rne\u011fidir:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zengin \u201calacakl\u0131\u201d \u00fclkeler (\u00f6rne\u011fin Almanya, Hollanda), yoksul \u201cbor\u00e7lu\u201d \u00fclkeler (\u00f6rne\u011fin Yunanistan, \u0130talya) \u00fczerinde h\u00e2kimiyet kurmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avro krizi d\u00f6nemindeki kurtarma paketleri, zay\u0131f ekonomilerde y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 kemer s\u0131kma politikalar\u0131 ile birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ortak para birimi (avro) ortak bir mali politika olmaks\u0131z\u0131n dengesizlik ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yaratmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>D\u0131\u015far\u0131da ise<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> AB g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fu yollarla yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Br\u00fcksel Etkisi: K\u00fcresel \u015firketlerin ve \u00fclkelerin AB pazar\u0131na eri\u015fim i\u00e7in AB standartlar\u0131na uymak zorunda kalmas\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Normatif g\u00fc\u00e7: Ticari eri\u015fimi AB de\u011ferlerine (\u00f6rne\u011fin \u00e7evresel standartlar, dijital gizlilik) ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131lma,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ticari emperyalizm: \u00c7evrecilik kisvesi alt\u0131nda Malezya ve Endonezya gibi yoksul \u00fclkelerin palmiye ya\u011f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerini cezaland\u0131rma.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir\u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclke bu asimetrik yap\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fduru durumundad\u0131r ve buna kar\u015f\u0131 koyacak kurumsal birlikten veya pazarl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksundur.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><i>Ekonomik Egemenli\u011fin S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131<\/i><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB\u2019nin g\u00fcc\u00fc dahi s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z de\u011fildir.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB, ABD ve \u00c7in\u2019in ard\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisidir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ancak k\u00fcresel finans sisteminde dolar egemenli\u011fi nedeniyle ABD\u2019ye, \u00fcretim alan\u0131nda ise \u00c7in\u2019e ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u0131\u015f politika, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ve asker\u00ee ittifaklarda \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ABD \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla paralel hareket etmektedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6rne\u011fin, Trump d\u00f6neminde ABD\u2019nin \u0130ran n\u00fckleer anla\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmesinin ard\u0131ndan AB, dolar egemenli\u011fi nedeniyle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirememi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de ABD-AB ticaret ve g\u00fcmr\u00fck m\u00fczakerelerinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir etki g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahiptir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><i>\u00d6zet: M\u00fcsl\u00fcman D\u00fcnya \u0130\u00e7in Hareket Noktalar\u0131 ve Umut<\/i><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB, bir modelden ziyade uyar\u0131c\u0131 dersler sunmaktad\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, onun elit g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc teknokratik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 taklit etmek yerine:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Halktan kopuk politika yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlamadan, \u0130slami de\u011ferlere ve tabandan gelen me\u015fruiyete dayal\u0131 kurumlar in\u015fa etmelidir,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Devletleri yaln\u0131zca hukuki ya da ekonomik de\u011fil, ortak ahlaki temeller \u00fczerinden birbirine ba\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r; zira AB\u2019nin neoliberalizminin de\u011fi\u015fmesi pek olas\u0131 de\u011fildir,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB\u2019nin ekonomik e\u015fitsizliklerini, demokratik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fcyeler aras\u0131ndaki asimetrileri yeniden \u00fcretmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00fcsl\u00fcman devletler, Bat\u0131l\u0131 siyasi birimlerin kopyalar\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, etik temellere dayal\u0131, yeni bir ekonomik birlik bi\u00e7iminde \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fcye-devletler\u201d olarak yeniden kavramsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Tart\u0131\u015fma<\/h5>\n<h6><i>Gazze ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Devletlerde Me\u015fruiyet Krizi<\/i><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2003 y\u0131l\u0131, iki Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) \u00fcyesi devletin\u2014Fransa ve Almanya\u2019n\u0131n\u2014ABD ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019\u0131n Irak Sava\u015f\u0131 politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak \u00f6zerkliklerini savunduklar\u0131 bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131n\u0131 temsil ediyordu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ancak, Gazze\u2019ye ili\u015fkin son AB politikalar\u0131 ile ABD ve \u0130srail\u2019in \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 hedef almas\u0131na dair tutumlar, bu \u00f6zerkli\u011fin art\u0131k ciddi bi\u00e7imde k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir; \u00fcstelik bu durum Avrupa kamuoyunun iradesine ra\u011fmen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu geli\u015fmeler, Avrupa i\u00e7indeki k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma iklimiyle de \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir\u2014\u00f6zellikle baz\u0131 AB \u00fcyesi devletlerin kendi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfuslar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik d\u00fc\u015fmanca tutumlar\u0131 belirleyici olmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gazze\u2019de devam eden soyk\u0131r\u0131m, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halklarla siyasi elitleri aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fcvensizli\u011fi daha da derinle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Gazze, \u015fu ger\u00e7ekleri a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karan bir \u201csinir ucu meselesi\u201d h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130slam \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (\u0130\u0130T) i\u015flevsizli\u011fi,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kamuoyunun duygular\u0131 ile h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin politikalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urum,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00fcsl\u00fcman elitlerin, Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletlerin s\u00f6ylemsel d\u00fczeyde dahi g\u00f6sterdikleri asgari tepkiyi sergilemekteki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu durum, AB\u2019nin kendi i\u00e7 me\u015fruiyet krizini yans\u0131t\u0131r; ancak M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu ihanet daha derin, daha varolu\u015fsal bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, halk temelli me\u015fruiyete ve ahlaki sorumlulu\u011fa dayal\u0131 alternatif siyasal ve ekonomik \u00e7er\u00e7evelerin in\u015fas\u0131 acil bir zorunluluk h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><i>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Ekonomik Birli\u011fine Do\u011fru \u0130lk Ad\u0131mlar\u0131 Tasavvur Etmek<\/i><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avrupa K\u00f6m\u00fcr ve \u00c7elik Toplulu\u011fu (AK\u00c7T) \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeler de pragmatik ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ekonomik i\u015fbirlikleri ile i\u015fe ba\u015flayabilirler\u2014\u00f6zellikle <\/span><b>emtia ve enerji <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">alanlar\u0131nda:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kaynak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeler (\u00f6rne\u011fin Katar, Suudi Arabistan), daha yoksul M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelere ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 ticaret ko\u015fullar\u0131 sunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Temel ihtiya\u00e7larda (\u00f6rne\u011fin s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal gaz [LNG], g\u0131da, elektrik) avantajl\u0131 ticaret, Pakistan gibi \u00fclkelerde ekonomik bask\u0131lar\u0131 hafifletebilir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu t\u00fcr d\u00fczenlemeler, yaln\u0131zca k\u00e2r motivasyonu ile de\u011fil, \u0130slami adalet ve dayan\u0131\u015fma de\u011ferleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde y\u00f6nlendirilmelidir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB \u00fclkeleri, kendi de\u011ferlerini \u201csilah olarak\u201d kullanmakta, benzer de\u011ferleri payla\u015fan \u00fclkeleri tercih ederek normatif g\u00fc\u00e7lerini ba\u015fka devletleri kendi imajlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fekillendirmek i\u00e7in kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Benzer bi\u00e7imde, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeler de D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DT\u00d6) kurallar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan \u201cEn \u00c7ok Kayr\u0131lan \u00dclke (MFN)\u201d stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc birbirlerine tan\u0131mal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu uygulama h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda Bat\u0131l\u0131 bloklarca da se\u00e7ici bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><i>Yap\u0131sal Asimetri ve D\u0131\u015fa Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kla Y\u00fczle\u015fmek<\/i><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik e\u015fitsizlikler, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman AB i\u00e7indekilerden \u00e7ok daha derindir.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Baz\u0131lar\u0131 emtia ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r; baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise derin bi\u00e7imde ithalata ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Baz\u0131lar\u0131nda gen\u00e7 ve dinamik n\u00fcfus (\u00f6rne\u011fin Pakistan, Nijerya) varken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 kaynak zenginidir ancak demografik olarak s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu tablo kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeler \u015fu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adil ve dengeli i\u00e7sel \u0130slam\u00ee ekonomik \u00e7er\u00e7eveler geli\u015ftirmek,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beyin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ve d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltacak b\u00f6lgesel ekonomik bloklar in\u015fa etmek,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ger\u00e7ek ekonomik yak\u0131nsama olmaks\u0131z\u0131n parasal birlik kuran Euro B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin hatalar\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlamaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><i>\u00c7in\u2019in Rol\u00fc: Karma Bir Ger\u00e7eklik<\/i><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c7in, bir\u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclke i\u00e7in alternatif bir ham\u00ee olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclse de, bu ili\u015fkinin karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemelidir:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c7in\u2019in Ku\u015fak ve Yol Giri\u015fimi (BRI), M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7o\u011funluklu \u00fclkelerde altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 desteklemi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ancak \u00c7in, Gazze konusunda sessiz kalm\u0131\u015f ve ahlaki bir d\u0131\u015f politika y\u00fcr\u00fctme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir irade g\u00f6stermemi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c7in\u2019in asker\u00ee ve ekonomik yard\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u015feffafl\u0131ktan yoksun olup, ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ko\u015fullar i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Bat\u0131 hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131n yerine \u201c\u00c7in vesayetini\u201d koymak, e\u011fer bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131k bir de\u011fer temeline dayanm\u0131yorsa, ciddi bi\u00e7imde sorgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><i>Y\u00fckselen \u00c7ok Kutupluluk: F\u0131rsatlar ve Tehditler<\/i><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BRICS\u2019in y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve ABD ticaret politikalar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, dolar sisteminin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 sarsm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ancak BRICS \u00fclkelerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 birbirinden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131d\u0131r; rezerv para birimleri \u201cs\u0131f\u0131rdan icat edilemez\u201d, rezerv para stat\u00fcs\u00fc, \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkenin \u00fcstlenmeyece\u011fi a\u011f\u0131r sorumluluklar gerektirir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BRICS\u2019ten daha \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler ise \u015funlard\u0131r; devletlerin alt\u0131n rezervi sat\u0131n alarak kendilerini koruma e\u011filimlerinin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi, kripto para ve stabilcoinlerin y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle yeni finansal alternatiflerin do\u011fmas\u0131.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><i>Sahra Alt\u0131 Afrika<\/i><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nijer gibi \u00fclkelerle Suudi Arabistan aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik fark son derece b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu t\u00fcr \u00fclkeler, kalk\u0131nma deste\u011fine en fazla ihtiya\u00e7 duyan devletlerdir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c7in ve T\u00fcrkiye bu alanda etkin roller \u00fcstlenmi\u015f olsa da, di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelerin benzer bir \u015fekilde devreye girmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir engel yoktur.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><i>Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve NATO<\/i><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ve AB\u2019nin ekonomik bir blok olarak geli\u015fimi, ABD asker\u00ee hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir\u2014bu durum NATO arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ABD\u2019nin Avrupa\u2019daki asker\u00ee varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kademeli olarak azaltmas\u0131yla birlikte, AB\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde yeni \u00fcyeler almaktan ziyade mevcut \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye odaklanmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><i>Teknolojik Yenilik ve Ekonomi<\/i><\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ABD, teknolojik inovasyon bak\u0131m\u0131ndan AB\u2019nin \u00e7ok ilerisindedir\u2014b\u00fcy\u00fck ABD teknoloji \u015firketlerinin toplam piyasa de\u011feri, bir\u00e7ok Avrupa ekonomisini a\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c7in ise, ABD yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve teknoloji k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi alternatif yenilik modelleri sayesinde \u00f6nemli ilerlemeler kaydetmi\u015ftir; bu durum, teknolojiye eri\u015fim e\u015fi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve yeni akt\u00f6rlerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeler, \u00f6zellikle kripto para ve blokzincir teknolojileri gibi alanlarda bu inovasyonlardan ciddi bi\u00e7imde faydalanabilirler.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; A\u00e7\u0131klama Toplumlar\u0131 bir arada tutan unsur nedir: Ortak de\u011ferler mi, yoksa ortak d\u00fc\u015fmanlar m\u0131? Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndan sava\u015f sonras\u0131 antla\u015fmalara ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f pop\u00fclizmin y\u00fckseli\u015fine kadar, Avrupa birli\u011fi s\u0131kl\u0131kla elit anlat\u0131lar, sembolik krizler ve kar\u015f\u0131t kimlikler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ekonomik birlik vizyonu jeopolitik korkuya veya maddi \u00e7\u0131karlara de\u011fil; tevhid, adalet ve ahlaki [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":263,"featured_media":12231,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[188],"tags":[190],"class_list":["post-12230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kolokyum","tag-kolokyum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/263"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12230"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12230\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12231"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}