{"id":12234,"date":"2024-01-01T08:10:33","date_gmt":"2024-01-01T08:10:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/?p=12234"},"modified":"2025-12-04T11:54:40","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T11:54:40","slug":"muslumansiviltoplumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/muslumansiviltoplumu\/","title":{"rendered":"Vak\u0131f: M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Sivil Toplumu ve Ulus-Devlet"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DZVmzLWSdeA?si=PUt6yd9M5jSldu4J\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u00d6zet<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2023 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n son kolokyumu, Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri\u2019ndeki Zayed \u00dcniversitesi Be\u015fer\u00ee ve Sosyal Bilimler Fak\u00fcltesinde Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Do\u00e7ent olarak g\u00f6rev yapan Dr. Riham Khafagy\u2019yi a\u011f\u0131rlad\u0131. Dr. Khafagy, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ve Bat\u0131\u2019da vakf\u0131n ve sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fc \u00fczerine bir sunum ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi; bu sunumunda k\u0131smen, en son yay\u0131mlanan kitab\u0131 <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Western Civil Society Institutions Are Messengers Of Values: A Reading Of Local And International Roles<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 eserinden yararland\u0131. Konu\u015fmas\u0131nda Dr. Khafagy, ulus-devlet ile M\u00fcsl\u00fcman sivil toplumu aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve vakf\u0131n tarihsel rol\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden \u00fcstlenerek M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fcmmetin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ve birle\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki potansiyelleri inceledi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Khafagy konu\u015fmas\u0131na, \u0130slami ve Bat\u0131 paradigmalar\u0131n\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik kuramsal bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve olu\u015fturarak ba\u015flad\u0131. Ona g\u00f6re, \u201csivil toplum\u201d ifadesi \u0130slami ba\u011flamda s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lmakla birlikte, modern Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ait \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131mlara daha yak\u0131n bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Dr. Khafagy\u2019nin belirtti\u011fi \u00fczere, Bat\u0131 paradigmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ana sekt\u00f6rden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r: devlet, piyasa ve sivil toplum. Bu paradigma i\u00e7inde sivil toplum, devlet ile piyasa aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fim ve g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerinin bir sonucudur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, \u0130slami paradigma ba\u011flam\u0131nda farkl\u0131 bir yap\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130slam medeniyetinde, \u00fcmmet kavram\u0131 \u2013 devlet de\u011fil \u2013 merkez\u00ee bir konuma sahiptir ve \u0130slami toplumun ve sosyal kurumlar\u0131n eylemlerini, ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve zorunluluklar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirir. Bat\u0131 paradigmas\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak, \u0130slami paradigmada devlet \u201cen \u00fcstte\u201d de\u011fildir; aksine, \u00fcmmetin ya\u015fam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r ve onun taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirilir. \u00dcmmet, bu paradigman\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc ve hem egemenli\u011fin, hem g\u00fcc\u00fcn, hem de kurumsal me\u015fruiyetin kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Khafagy\u2019ye g\u00f6re vak\u0131f, \u0130slami paradigman\u0131n temel kurumlar\u0131ndan biridir. Vakf\u0131n, devlet ve piyasa kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tam ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle, hi\u00e7bir yasal otorite ola\u011fan ko\u015fullar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda vakf\u0131n faaliyetlerini de\u011fi\u015ftiremez veya yerine ba\u015fka bir \u015fey koyamaz. Vak\u0131f, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n iradesinin bir yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r (ya da ilkeleri gere\u011fi \u00f6yle olmal\u0131d\u0131r). Bu nedenle vak\u0131f bize, Bat\u0131 paradigmas\u0131nda bulunmayan \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik modeli sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminden bu yana M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki siyasal d\u00fczenlerin de\u011fi\u015fmesine ra\u011fmen baz\u0131 vak\u0131flar\u0131n y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi ile a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Her ne kadar vak\u0131f kurumu s\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminde ciddi zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f olsa da, hukuki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 onu korumu\u015f ve tarihsel s\u00fcreklili\u011fini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Khafagy, vakf\u0131n hem tarihsel hem de \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f uygulamalar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Bu uygulamalar aras\u0131nda e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri, sosyal dayan\u0131\u015fma ve muhta\u00e7lara yard\u0131m yer al\u0131r. Vakf\u0131n bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli i\u015flevi ise, liderlerin ve \u00e2limlerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in mali kaynak sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Bununla birlikte Dr. Khafagy, ulus-devletin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n vak\u0131f tarihinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu\u011funu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu kurum i\u00e7in e\u015fi benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f zorluklar do\u011furdu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Bu zorluklar aras\u0131nda hukuki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar, yasaklamalar ve mal varl\u0131klar\u0131na el konulmas\u0131 gibi uygulamalar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daha yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde ise, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde vakf\u0131n yeniden canland\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair i\u015faretler g\u00f6zlenmektedir. 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001\u2019den bu yana bu canlanma \u00f6zellikle K\u00f6rfez b\u00f6lgesinde belirginle\u015fmi\u015ftir; ancak Kuzey Afrika\u2019da, \u00f6zellikle M\u0131s\u0131r ve Tunus\u2019ta da kayda de\u011fer faaliyetler g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu canlanma ulus-devletin g\u00fcc\u00fc alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in iki temel bi\u00e7im almaktad\u0131r: idari reform ve hay\u0131rsever ortakl\u0131klar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131. Ancak Dr. Khafagy\u2019ye g\u00f6re bu \u201ccanlanma\u201d s\u00fcreci, hem i\u00e7sel hem de d\u0131\u015fsal zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7sel zorluklar genel olarak iyi y\u00f6neti\u015fim kriterleriyle, d\u0131\u015fsal zorluklar ise ulus-devletin vak\u0131f \u00fczerindeki yetkisiyle ili\u015fkili hesap verebilirlik ve \u015feffafl\u0131k meseleleriyle ilgilidir. Dr. Khafagy, bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlardan birinin, mevcut ve yeni vak\u0131flar i\u00e7in hem i\u00e7 hem d\u0131\u015f misyon temelli hedeflerin a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Khafagy\u2019nin sunumunu uzun bir soru-cevap oturumu izledi. Bu sorular aras\u0131nda, vakf\u0131n ulus-devletlerin k\u0131sa vadeli \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na hizmet etmeden, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve \u00fcmmeti g\u00fc\u00e7lendirici bir kurum olarak yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu da vard\u0131. Dr. Khafagy bu soruya, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u00e2l\u00e2 ulus-devletin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve bunun vakf\u0131n tam anlam\u0131yla \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir bi\u00e7imde yeniden dirilmesini engelledi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek yan\u0131t verdi. Bununla birlikte, devlet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 akt\u00f6rlerin \u2013 siyasi ve toplumsal \u2013 \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda daha fazla etki kazanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc. Uzun vadede bunun ulus-devlete kar\u015f\u0131 dengeleyici bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak olumlu bir rol oynayabilece\u011fini belirtti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir ba\u015fka soru, ulus-devletin \u00fcmmetin yarar\u0131na nas\u0131l bir rol oynayabilece\u011fi ve vak\u0131f sisteminin yeniden g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesine katk\u0131da bulunup bulunamayaca\u011f\u0131 konusuna odakland\u0131. Dr. Khafagy, ulus-devletlerin yerel ve uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde fon da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m bi\u00e7imlerini yeniden de\u011ferlendirerek, hem kendi toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 hem de \u00fcmmetin uluslararas\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek bi\u00e7imde olumlu bir rol oynayabileceklerini ifade etti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bir di\u011fer soru ise, Bat\u0131\u2019daki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n vak\u0131flar\u0131n yeniden canlanmas\u0131ndaki rol\u00fcne dair. Dr. Khafagy, bu az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n yeni projeleri hayata ge\u00e7irme ve vakf\u0131n k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte yeniden g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flama bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli f\u0131rsatlara sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131. Bu gruplar, \u015feriata uygun yasa ve kurallar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde vak\u0131flar kurabilirler; \u00fcstelik bunu, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde baz\u0131 Arap \u00fclkelerinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan \u015fekillerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilirler.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oturumun son sorular\u0131ndan biri, vakf\u0131n yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bireysel mi yoksa kolektif bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck oldu\u011fu konusuna ili\u015fkindi. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle, vakf\u0131n yeniden ihyas\u0131, bireysel mi yoksa toplumsal \u00f6l\u00e7ekte bir medeniyet g\u00f6revi midir? Dr. Khafagy, bunu bireysel bir sorumluluk haline getirmenin zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirerek, yine de farz-\u0131 kifaye kavram\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bireysel sorumluluklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu belirtti. Konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, tarihsel olarak vakf\u0131n her zaman yerel bir kurum oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlatarak tamamlad\u0131 ve bu nedenle onu k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin zorluklar\u0131na de\u011findi. Dr. Khafagy\u2019ye g\u00f6re as\u0131l mesele, vakf\u0131 yerel d\u00fczeyde kurmak ama k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde ba\u011f kurabilmektir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bu kolokyum, Dr. Riham Khafagy\u2019nin vak\u0131f kurumunun \u0130slami paradigmada \u00fcstlendi\u011fi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirici rol\u00fc ele alan sunumu \u00fczerine; ulus-devlet-sivil toplum gerilimi, \u00fcmmet merkezli kurumsal d\u00fczen ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f vak\u0131f canlanmas\u0131n\u0131n imk\u00e2n ve zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve sunar.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":263,"featured_media":12235,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[188],"tags":[190],"class_list":["post-12234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kolokyum","tag-kolokyum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/263"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12234"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12234\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12235"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}