{"id":12245,"date":"2022-11-23T10:08:15","date_gmt":"2022-11-23T10:08:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/?p=12245"},"modified":"2025-12-04T12:00:43","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T12:00:43","slug":"muslumanayrismasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/muslumanayrismasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Dr. Joseph Kaminski ile Ulus-Devlet \u00c7a\u011f\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xsVjjmjxR2Y?si=RAp0-wUiQ2QnmvvV\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u00dcMMET\u0130KS KOLOKYUMU \u00d6ZET\u0130, 30 Kas\u0131m 2022<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rapor: \u0130brahim Moiz<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Sunum:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Dr. Joseph Kaminski \u2013 Uluslararas\u0131 Saraybosna \u00dcniversitesi, Uluslararas\u0131 \u0130li\u015fkiler B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Do\u00e7ent ve B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131. Sunumu: \u201cUlus-Devlet \u00c7a\u011f\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Yan\u0131tlar:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Dr. Jahja Muhasilovic; Sami Hamdi<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>\u00d6zet<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ulus-devlet deneyimi, dar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc, yolsuzlukla malul ve otoriter bir y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imiyle tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Joseph Kaminski, \u00dcmmetiks Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cUlus-Devlet \u00c7a\u011f\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesinde, 2010\u2019lar\u0131n Arap ayaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ulus-devletlerin halk\u0131 \u00f6ncelemek yerine iktidarlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma u\u011fruna umut vadeden b\u00f6lgesel reform hareketlerine nas\u0131l bask\u0131 uygulad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kaminski, Jonathan Laurence\u2019\u0131n 2021 tarihli <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coping with Defeat<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> adl\u0131 eserine at\u0131fta bulunarak, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n gerilemesini \u201c\u0130slami otoritelerin ulus-devlet modelini tutars\u0131z ve tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kabul etmesine; bu durumla e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcman epistemolojisinin ve \u00f6z referans\u0131n yerinden edilmesine\u201d ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Kaminski, Laurence\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerisi olan \u201cyumu\u015fak bir restorasyonu\u201d reddeder ve bu organik olmayan, onar\u0131lamaz yap\u0131n\u0131n yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini savunur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kaminski\u2019ye g\u00f6re Arap monar\u015filerinden Orta Asya cumhuriyetlerine kadar bir\u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ulus-devlet k\u0131r\u0131lgand\u0131r ve bu nedenle kendini korumaya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede meyillidir. Bu devletlerdeki korporatizm, h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve onun elit kesimlerine yaln\u0131zca devlet kurumlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde de\u011fil; i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc, ticaret, sivil toplum ve hatta din \u00fczerinde de kontrol imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu durum, Walaa Quisay ve Thomas Parker\u2019\u0131n \u201citaat teolojisi\u201d (theology of obedience) olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 olguyu do\u011furur. Bu teoloji hem muhalefeti bast\u0131r\u0131r hem de \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131rarak, \u00fcmmete fayda sa\u011flayabilecek uluslararas\u0131 e\u011filimlere ku\u015fkuyla yakla\u015f\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kaminski, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u201ckutunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeleri\u201d gerekti\u011fini, daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, organik ve \u0130slami olarak \u00f6zg\u00fcn siyasi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme modellerini yeniden tasavvur etmeleri gerekti\u011fini vurgular.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Yan\u0131tlar<\/h3>\n<p><b>Muhasilovic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki siyasal par\u00e7alanma s\u00fcrecinin s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilikten \u00f6nce ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, tek bir \u00fcmmetin tek bir halifelikte yans\u0131y\u0131p yans\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusunu g\u00fcndeme getirdi. Tarihsel olarak halifeliklerin s\u0131k\u00e7a meydan okuma ve rekabetle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgelerdeki etkilerinin de s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade etti. Yabanc\u0131 y\u00f6netim modellerinin benimsenmesi s\u00fcrecinin Emeviler ve Abbasiler d\u00f6nemine kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu d\u00f6nemlerde Roma ve Pers idari yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n adapte edildi\u011fini vurgulad\u0131. Avrupaile\u015fme e\u011filiminin Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi boyunca zaten mevcut oldu\u011funu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin her zaman s\u00f6m\u00fcrge kaynakl\u0131 bir olgu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Kaminski<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda baz\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i ve Avrupal\u0131la\u015fma e\u011filimlerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmekle birlikte, bu olgunun s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilikle ve \u00f6zellikle Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle h\u0131z kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u0131\u015f etkiler sonucu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ya\u015fam alan\u0131 buldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Hamdi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, makalenin zamanlamas\u0131n\u0131 ve oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131 takdir etti\u011fini belirterek ulus-devletin olu\u015fumuna zemin haz\u0131rlayan tarihsel ko\u015fullar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7t\u0131. Ge\u00e7 Osmanl\u0131 halifeli\u011finin, Kuzey Afrika\u2019daki Sanusi hareketi \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi, i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara yeterli deste\u011fi sa\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun sonucunda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman hareketlerin zorunlu olarak \u201culusal\u201d bir odak geli\u015ftirdi\u011fini belirtti. Ancak bu hareketler yine de \u0130slam\u00ee s\u00f6ylemi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. S\u0131ral\u0131 rejimlerin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131n bilincini temsil etme iddias\u0131na ra\u011fmen bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirememelerinin as\u0131l sorun oldu\u011funu ifade etti. Kur\u2019an\u2019da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, kabileler ve milletler gibi yerel kimliklerin do\u011fal oldu\u011funu, ancak \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n bunlar\u0131n \u00fczerinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde halifeli\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, buna ra\u011fmen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fma ve \u00fcmmet bilincine y\u00f6nelik g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir e\u011filimin h\u00e2l\u00e2 var oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Kaminski<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> iyimserli\u011fe yer oldu\u011funu kabul etmekle birlikte, as\u0131l sorunun kabile, b\u00f6lge veya ulusal fakt\u00f6rler de\u011fil; M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlara zorla dayat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bask\u0131c\u0131 bir yap\u0131 olarak ulus-devletin kendisi oldu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Sorular ve Temalar<\/h3>\n<h4><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pratik Ad\u0131mlar<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heba Ezzat ve Sufyan Musah, Arap ayaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmmet bilincine dayal\u0131 ulus\u00f6tesi bir hissiyat\u0131n somut bir \u00f6rne\u011fini sundu\u011funu, bunun eyleme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131lar. Ancak Muhasilovic, modern \u00f6ncesi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imlerinin (ulus-devlet \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde) genellikle halk hareketlerinden de\u011fil, belirli otoritelerce dayat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. Benzer \u015fekilde, \u0130slam \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131 gibi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz uluslararas\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n da mevcut ulus-devlet yap\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine kurulu oldu\u011funu belirtti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mustafa Salama ve Hamzah Raza, 2010\u2019lardaki aktivistlerin \u00e7o\u011funun mevcut d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeniyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ger\u00e7ek anlamda ulus\u00f6tesi ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kullanamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Hamdi, bu hareketlerin \u0130slami uluslararas\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik yayg\u0131n \u015f\u00fcphe nedeniyle mevcut \u00e7er\u00e7eveler i\u00e7inde hareket etmek zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u0130hvan-\u0131 M\u00fcslim\u00een\u2019in uluslararas\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla kullanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Ancak Hamdi, Tunus\u2019taki Nahda hareketinin stat\u00fckoya fazla uyum sa\u011flayarak taban\u0131yla ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ekledi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Syed Shareef, kom\u00fcnizm, kapitalizm ve milliyet\u00e7ilik gibi ideolojilerin gerilemesine ra\u011fmen, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n neden daha fazla \u0130slam temelli alternatifler \u00fcretmediklerini sorgulad\u0131. Kaminski, bunun \u00dcmmetiks Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn temel hedeflerinden biri oldu\u011funu belirterek, Haldun Karahanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n teori ve prati\u011fin \u00f6nceli\u011fi konusundaki sorusuna yan\u0131t olarak, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015f hatalar\u0131 tekrarlamamak i\u00e7in uzun vadeli bir vizyon geli\u015ftirmeleri gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Ezzat, yaln\u0131zca devletleri de\u011fil, siyasetin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011ferlendirecek yeni bir paradigma geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini; ayr\u0131ca ulus-devletlerin \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 benimseme bi\u00e7imleri \u00fczerine daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ve kabileler ile K\u00f6rfez gibi ihmal edilen b\u00f6lgelerin \u00f6nemine dikkat \u00e7ekilmesinin zorunlu oldu\u011funu belirtti.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Ulus-devlet: Zorunlulu\u011fu Erdeme D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek mi?<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hamdi, kabilecili\u011fin insan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu, ancak \u0130slam\u00ee dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bundan daha y\u00fcce bir ba\u011f te\u015fkil etti\u011fini belirtti. Kabilecilik, \u0130slam\u00ee dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u201cihanete u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d durumlarda, ulus-devletin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Ibrahim Moiz, Cezayir gibi bir\u00e7ok ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00fcmmet\u00e7i ve uluslararas\u0131 hedefler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak daha sonra ulus-devlet modelinde birle\u015fti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Hamdi, Habib Burgiba gibi liderlerin \u0130slam\u00ee s\u00f6ylemlerini terk edip milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fe y\u00f6neldiklerini \u00f6rnek olarak sundu. Shafat Wani, Hintli \u00e2lim H\u00fcseyin Madani\u2019nin, demokratik bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7o\u011funluklu ulus-devleti, s\u00f6m\u00fcrge sonras\u0131 y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi olarak z\u0131mnen kabul etti\u011fini hat\u0131rlatt\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Kaminski ve Salama, kabilecilik ve ulusal kimliklerin ulus-devlet yap\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirilmesinin hatal\u0131 oldu\u011funu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu modelin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde in\u015fa edildi\u011fini savundular. Ovamir Anjum, siyasette ihanetlerin ola\u011fan oldu\u011funu ancak Osmanl\u0131 sonras\u0131 Avrupaile\u015fmenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn boyutunun benzersiz oldu\u011funu belirtti. Muhasilovic, Osmanl\u0131 Avrupaile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin halifeli\u011fin y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salama ve Kaminski, ulus-devlet modelinin \u201cneorealist\u201d do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n, devlet \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcmmet \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne koyma e\u011filiminde oldu\u011funu ifade ettiler. Moiz, tehdidin devlet t\u00fcr\u00fcnden ziyade, devletin \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 tahakk\u00fcm alt\u0131na almas\u0131nda yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Ancak Hamdi ve Muhasilovic, \u201cdevlet onayl\u0131\u201d \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n halk taraf\u0131ndan genellikle ciddiye al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu nedenle etkisinin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011funu; \u00fcstelik \u00fcmmet bilincinin \u0130slam\u2019da merkezi bir yer tuttu\u011funu dile getirdiler. Hamdi, otoriter rejimlerin \u00fcmmet bilincinin potansiyelinden ger\u00e7ekten korktuklar\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun Kaminski\u2019nin makalesinin zamanlamas\u0131n\u0131n isabetli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini belirtti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yo\u011fun ve canl\u0131 bir tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 oturumun sonunda, ulus-devletin \u00f6zellikle korporatist ve bask\u0131c\u0131 e\u011filimleri konusunda ihtiyatl\u0131 olunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, ancak d\u00fcnya genelindeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da umut vadeden bir tablo bulundu\u011fu konusunda genel bir uzla\u015f\u0131ya var\u0131ld\u0131. \u00dcmmetiks Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc gibi giri\u015fimlerin amac\u0131, bu t\u00fcr tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek ve bu iyimserli\u011fin anlaml\u0131, olumlu bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme zemin haz\u0131rlamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><br style=\"font-weight: 400;\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bu kolokyum, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ulus-devlet modelinin neden oldu\u011fu siyasal ve toplumsal ayr\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f; \u00fcmmet bilincinin yeniden canlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0130slam\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6zg\u00fcn siyasal modellerin gereklili\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":263,"featured_media":12246,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[188],"tags":[190],"class_list":["post-12245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kolokyum","tag-kolokyum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/263"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12245"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12245\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12246"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}