{"id":12249,"date":"2023-02-06T10:21:16","date_gmt":"2023-02-06T10:21:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/?p=12249"},"modified":"2025-12-04T11:56:48","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T11:56:48","slug":"multecietigi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/multecietigi\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fclteci Eti\u011fine \u00dcmmet Merkezli Bir Yakla\u015f\u0131m"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ue4D_G1CQc8?si=7X4qQLLniCl9ZRGy\" width=\"560\" height=\"314\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u015eubat ay\u0131ndaki kolokyumumuzda (15 \u015eubat \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fc, saat 16.00 EST\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi), Dr. Rajai Jureidini (G\u00f6\u00e7 Eti\u011fi ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Profes\u00f6r\u00fc, Hamad bin Khalifa \u00dcniversitesi, Katar) ve Dr. Hossam El Din Mohammed\u2019i (\u0130slam Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Do\u00e7enti, Karab\u00fck \u00dcniversitesi, T\u00fcrkiye) a\u011f\u0131rlamaktan memnuniyet duyduk. \u0130ki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, \u201cUmma and the Nation-State: Dilemmas in Refuge Ethics\u201d(\u00dcmmet ve Ulus-Devlet: M\u00fclteci Eti\u011finde \u0130kilemler) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bildirilerini sundular. Bu bildiri, \u00fcmmet kavram\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f m\u00fclteci politikalar\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki m\u00fclteci haklar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele almaktad\u0131r. Yazarlar, \u00f6zellikle M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7o\u011funluklu ulus-devletlerin izledikleri politikalar ve \u00f6ncelikler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman birli\u011fini ve dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zay\u0131flatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 incelemektedir. Son olarak, bu devletlerin s\u00fcregelen m\u00fclteci krizlerini \u0130slami etik, hukuk ve \u00fcmmet ilkeleri \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nas\u0131l daha iyi ele alabileceklerini tart\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ayr\u0131ca, Dr. Saul Takahashi (\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 ve Bar\u0131\u015f \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Profes\u00f6r\u00fc, Osaka Jogakuin \u00dcniversitesi, Japonya) ve Dr. Kamal Funsho Badrdeen\u2019i (K\u0131ta Avrupas\u0131 Hukuku ve \u015eeriat Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131, Abuja \u00dcniversitesi, Nijerya) yan\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 olarak a\u011f\u0131rlad\u0131k.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D\u00fcnya m\u00fcltecilerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %70\u2019ini M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r; bunlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi yaln\u0131zca be\u015f \u00fclkeden gelmektedir: Suriye, Afganistan, G\u00fcney Sudan, Myanmar ve Somali. Filistin m\u00fclteci krizi 75. y\u0131l\u0131na girerken, m\u00fclteci eti\u011fi h\u00e2len b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ulus-devlet \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ele al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. \u00dcmmetiks\u2019in \u015eubat 2023 Kolokyumu kapsam\u0131nda, Dr. Rajai Jureidini ve Dr. Hossameldeen Mohammed, \u201cUmmah and the Nation-State: Dilemmas in Refuge Ethics\u201dba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetleyerek \u00fcmmet merkezli bir m\u00fclteci eti\u011fi ihtiyac\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ektiler.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u00dcmmetiks Kolokyum \u00d6zeti \u2013 \u015eubat 2023<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sunum Yapanlar:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Hossameldeen Mohammed<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Rajai Jureidini<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Saul J. Takahashi<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Kamal Badr<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u00d6zet<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Hossameldeen Mohammed, modern m\u00fclteci krizinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulayarak sunumuna ba\u015flad\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelerdeki m\u00fcltecilerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yoksul ko\u015fullarda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r; bunun nedeni, \u00e7o\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ev sahibi \u00fclkenin geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler olmas\u0131 ve di\u011fer devletlerden kayda de\u011fer bir m\u00fclteci yard\u0131m\u0131 almaks\u0131z\u0131n krizin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc omuzlamalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum, pek \u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman m\u00fclteciyi Avrupa\u2019daki daha zengin \u00fclkelere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye atmaya itmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bu ko\u015fullar, m\u00fclteci eti\u011fine \u00fcmmet merkezli bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n yeniden tasavvur edilmesini gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bildiri, \u0130slam\u2019daki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yard\u0131mla\u015fma \u00f6\u011fretisinin ve Hz. Peygamber\u2019in \ufdfa hicret tecr\u00fcbesinin m\u00fclteci krizine ili\u015fkin politikalarda ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelerdeki m\u00fclteci politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slami ilkeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda nas\u0131l geli\u015ftirilebilece\u011fini analiz etmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bildinin ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u201c\u00dcmmet\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131, \u0130slam beldesinde ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ve gayrim\u00fcslimleri kapsayan bir varl\u0131k olarak teorik a\u00e7\u0131dan incelemektedir. \u00dcmmet, ulus-devlet ile kar\u015f\u0131t konumda yer almakta; bu durum, b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fik bir uluslararas\u0131 toplulu\u011fun olu\u015fumunun \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise \u00dcrd\u00fcn, Banglade\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin m\u00fclteci politikalar\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazarlar, bu \u00fclkelerde resmi bir \u00fcmmet merkezli m\u00fclteci politikas\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna varmakla birlikte, umut verici ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn, pek \u00e7ok m\u00fclteciye vatanda\u015fl\u0131k vermi\u015f ve bunu yaparken zaman zaman \u00fcmmet\u00e7i bir s\u00f6ylem benimsemi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye ayr\u0131ca Rohingya m\u00fcltecilerine destek olmak \u00fczere 60 milyon dolar ba\u011f\u0131\u015fta bulunmu\u015ftur. Bununla birlikte, bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclke \u2013di\u011ferlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu gibi\u2013 h\u00e2len ge\u00e7ici korumaya dayal\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirici olmayan politikalara sahiptir. Yazarlar, \u0130slam \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (\u0130\u0130T) m\u00fclteci krizinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir rol \u00fcstlenmesi ve \u00fcmmet merkezli bir m\u00fclteci politikas\u0131 modeli geli\u015ftirmesi gerekti\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Rajai Jureidini, ard\u0131ndan BM M\u00fclteciler Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi (UNHCR) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen M\u00fclteci Zek\u00e2t Fonunu, m\u00fclteci krizini hafifletmek i\u00e7in \u00fcmmet temelli bir ara\u00e7 olarak de\u011ferlendirmi\u015ftir. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda, d\u00fcnya genelindeki toplam zek\u00e2t hacminin 200 milyar ila 1 trilyon dolar aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Sadece Endonezya\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k potansiyel katk\u0131s\u0131 20,97 milyar dolar olarak hesaplanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UNHCR, 2016\u2019da bir zek\u00e2t pilot program\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f ve 2019\u2019da bu program\u0131 M\u00fclteci Zek\u00e2t Fonu\u2019na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Fonun me\u015fruiyetini desteklemek ve politikalar\u0131na rehberlik etmek \u00fczere f\u0131khi fetvalar talep edilmi\u015ftir. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 43 milyon dolar, 1 milyondan fazla ki\u015fiye da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerindeki M\u00fcsl\u00fcman hay\u0131r kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan gelmi\u015ftir. En b\u00fcy\u00fck bireysel ba\u011f\u0131\u015f, \u015eeyh Thani Bin Abdullah\u2019\u0131n hay\u0131r vakf\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, Rohingya m\u00fcltecileri ve yerinden edilmi\u015f Yemenlilere destek i\u00e7in 35 milyon dolar ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UNHCR, kurumun ola\u011fan i\u015fleyi\u015f bi\u00e7imini de\u011fi\u015ftiren \u00fc\u00e7 temel ilkeye ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmay\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir: Birincisi, yararlan\u0131c\u0131lar Kur\u2019an\u2019da belirtilen zek\u00e2t alabilecek sekiz kategoriden birine girmelidir. \u0130kincisi, t\u00fcm fonlar, normalde ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %6,5\u20137\u2019sini olu\u015fturan idari kesintiler yap\u0131lmadan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar nakit olarak verilmelidir; bu hem onurlu bir destek bi\u00e7imi sa\u011flar hem de fonun takibini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UNHCR Zek\u00e2t Fonu\u2019na y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftiriler de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Birincisi, zek\u00e2t\u0131n yaln\u0131zca M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda dola\u015fan dini bir kurum olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, sek\u00fcler bir kurulu\u015fun da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcstlenmesinin uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. \u0130kincisi, nakit yard\u0131mlar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle Kuzey Suriye\u2019deki g\u00fcvensiz kamplarda ya\u015fayan ve banka hesab\u0131na eri\u015fimi olmayan m\u00fcltecilerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ele\u015ftirisi yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ayr\u0131ca, K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerinin krize ba\u011f\u0131\u015f yoluyla verdi\u011fi tepki, \u201cmerhamet siyaseti\u201d (politics of pity) olarak tan\u0131mlanmakta; ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 \u00fclkelerin, b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda maddi katk\u0131 yaparken nispeten az say\u0131da m\u00fclteciye ev sahipli\u011fi yaparak vicdani rahatlama elde ettikleri belirtilmektedir. D\u00fcnya Zek\u00e2t ve Vak\u0131f Forumu Genel Sekreteri Dr. Zainbulbahar Noor da zek\u00e2t\u0131n yerel olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Yan\u0131tlar<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Saul J. Takahashi, m\u00fclteci yerle\u015fiminde temel unsur olan vatanda\u015fl\u0131k konusundaki de\u011ferlendirmeleriyle ilgisini dile getirdi. 1951 BM M\u00fclteci S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, taraf devletleri m\u00fcltecilerin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa kabul\u00fcn\u00fc kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaya te\u015fvik etmektedir; zira bu, devletlerin bireylere sunabilece\u011fi en y\u00fcksek koruma bi\u00e7imidir. \u00dcmmet temelli ortak bir vatanda\u015fl\u0131k sistemi, teorik olarak m\u00fcltecilik sorununu tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rabilir; zira yerinden edilmi\u015f ki\u015filer, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyan\u0131n herhangi bir b\u00f6lgesinde otomatik olarak e\u015fit vatanda\u015flar konumuna gelirlerdi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Takahashi, \u0130\u0130T\u2019nin (\u0130slam \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131) m\u00fclteciler i\u00e7in \u00fcmmet merkezli bir koruma arac\u0131 olma potansiyeline kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k duygular besledi\u011fini de belirtti. BM gibi, \u0130\u0130T\u2019nin de bir\u00e7ok eksikli\u011fi vard\u0131r; ancak \u015fu anda pratik bir alternatifin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Son olarak, yaln\u0131zca nakit ba\u011f\u0131\u015f toplayan ve idari kesintilerden muaf olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan benzersiz olan BM M\u00fclteci Zek\u00e2t Fonunu hem \u00f6vd\u00fc hem de ele\u015ftirdi. Ancak, fonun ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 odakl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n desteklerinin hangi \u00fclkeye gidece\u011fini belirlemelerine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu durum, zengin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 \u00fclkelere b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kontrol alan\u0131 sa\u011flamakta ve medyada \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan krizlerin \u00f6nceliklendirilmesine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Kamal Badr, m\u00fclteci g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n insan haklar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilmesinin \u00f6nemini vurgulad\u0131. Arap Bahar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019ya y\u00f6nelen m\u00fclteci ak\u0131n\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131r \u00f6tesi hareketlili\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131tlayan politikalar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermi\u015f ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan ka\u00e7an insanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da tehlikeye atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Badr ayr\u0131ca, \u00f6ncelikle \u201cm\u00fclteci\u201dnin kim oldu\u011funun tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u00e7 etme hakk\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 hukukta me\u015fru bir hak olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi gerekti\u011fini ifade etti. Bu hak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fsa, bu durum devletlerin hareket ve yerle\u015fimi k\u0131s\u0131tlama hakk\u0131yla nas\u0131l etkile\u015fmektedir? M\u00fclteciler, devlet egemenli\u011fi ile do\u011frudan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7indedir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6zg\u00fcrce hareket etmeleri, devletin s\u0131n\u0131r yetkisini s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, m\u00fcltecilerin insan haklar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n merkezinde yer almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Tart\u0131\u015fma<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jureidini: Dr. Saul\u2019un belirtti\u011fi gibi vatanda\u015fl\u0131k \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. K\u00f6rfez \u00fclkelerinin 1951 M\u00fclteci S\u00f6zle\u015fmesini imzalamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir nedeni, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin m\u00fcltecilere vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa giden yollar\u0131n sunulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015fmas\u0131 olabilir. UNHCR Zek\u00e2t Fonu\u2019nun ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 odakl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131 konusunda ise, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n fonlar\u0131n\u0131n nereye gitti\u011fini se\u00e7melerine izin vermek, asl\u0131nda daha fazla katk\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik edebilir. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n tam olarak nereye gitti\u011fini bilmek, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kuruma g\u00fcvenini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mohammed: Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k meselesine gelince, \u00fcmmet, ayr\u0131m yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00fcyelerine \u2014ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan gayrim\u00fcslimlere\u2014 otomatik vatanda\u015fl\u0131k vermelidir. Bu durum, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk devleti olan Medine d\u00f6neminden itibaren tarihsel olarak da b\u00f6yle olmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aisha Hasan: Dr. Jureidini, UNHCR Zek\u00e2t Fonu\u2019na y\u00f6nelik baz\u0131 ele\u015ftirileri dile getiriyorsunuz ama ayn\u0131 zamanda bu ele\u015ftirilerin tam olarak ge\u00e7erli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ima ediyorsunuz. Sizce UNHCR\u2019\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131 y\u00f6netmesi uygun mu?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jureidini: UNHCR, m\u00fclteci yard\u0131m\u0131nda devasa bir uluslararas\u0131 altyap\u0131ya sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in son derece pragmatik bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 olarak hizmet etmektedir. \u00dcmmet liderli\u011finde benzer bir fonun kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engellerden biri, 11 Eyl\u00fcl sonras\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yard\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yo\u011fun bask\u0131 ve g\u00f6zetimdir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Takahashi: M\u00fckemmel olmasa da, UNHCR BM sistemi i\u00e7inde en etkili da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m siciline sahip kurumdur. \u00dcmmet temelli bir yap\u0131, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelerde daha kolay \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir; ancak pek \u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman m\u00fclteci, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anjum: Filistinli m\u00fcltecilerin durumu hakk\u0131nda yorum yapabilir misiniz? Kom\u015fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeler, Filistinli m\u00fcltecilere vatanda\u015fl\u0131k vermemelerini, onlar\u0131n \u201cgeri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f motivasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 koruma\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yorlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Takahashi: Filistinli m\u00fclteciler konusu ger\u00e7ekten istisnad\u0131r. 1951 M\u00fclteci S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, Filistinli m\u00fcltecileri kapsam d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun gerek\u00e7esi, Filistin meselesine \u00f6zel olarak adanm\u0131\u015f UNRWA\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, UNRWA\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fcltecilerin insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 koruma yetkisi yoktur, bu da onu UNHCR\u2019dan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ay\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zain Ahmed: \u00dcmmet temelli bir vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, \u0130srail vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ilebilir?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Takahashi: Baz\u0131 y\u00f6nlerden kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilirler; ancak tarihsel ko\u015fullar\u0131 tamamen farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130srail\u2019in kuruldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde Yahudi \u00e7o\u011funluklu bir devlet yoktu, oysa bug\u00fcn pek \u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7o\u011funluklu devlet mevcuttur. Ayr\u0131ca, \u0130srail vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etnik temellidir, bu da onu herkesin kat\u0131labilece\u011fi inan\u00e7 temelli bir vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan \u00e7ok daha d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Badr: Bildiri, modern devletin k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 temel unsuruna dikkat \u00e7ekiyor: milliyet\u00e7ilik, toprak egemenli\u011fi (territoriality) ve egemenlik (sovereignty). Ancak, toprak egemenli\u011fi kavram\u0131 \u0130slam hukukuyla tamamen \u00e7eli\u015fmez; hatta Hz. Peygamber \ufdfa d\u00f6neminde Medine\u2019de belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcmmet merkezli bir m\u00fclteci eti\u011fi tasavvur ederken, s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011finin pratik gerekliliklerinin g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zain Ahmed: Peki, erken \u0130slam d\u00f6neminde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan bir gayrim\u00fcslim ihtiya\u00e7 sahibi oldu\u011funda ne yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anjum: Gayrim\u00fcslimler, \u201czimm\u00ee\u201d stat\u00fcs\u00fcyle \u0130slam hukukunun korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015farlard\u0131; bu stat\u00fc onlara belirli haklar ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler tan\u0131rd\u0131. Beyt\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00e2l (devlet hazinesi), zimm\u00eelere emeklilik maa\u015f\u0131 veya mali yard\u0131m sa\u011flayabilirdi. Zek\u00e2t, \u00e7o\u011fu \u0130slam \u00e2limine g\u00f6re yaln\u0131zca M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara \u00f6zg\u00fcyd\u00fc; ancak baz\u0131 istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, zimm\u00eelere sadaka (genel yard\u0131m) verilmesine dair \u00f6rnekler de vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mohammed: Dr. Badr, toprak egemenli\u011finin \u0130slam hukukuyla \u00e7eli\u015fmedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi; ancak ben, m\u00fcltecilerin \u2014M\u00fcsl\u00fcman veya gayrim\u00fcslim fark etmeksizin\u2014 hareketini k\u0131s\u0131tlayan co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n \u015feriata ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Kur\u2019an\u2019da Allah \u015f\u00f6yle buyuruyor: \u201cE\u011fer m\u00fc\u015friklerden biri senden eman dilerse, ona eman ver ki Allah\u2019\u0131n kelam\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fitsin; sonra onu g\u00fcvenli bir yere ula\u015ft\u0131r&#8230;\u201d (Tevbe, 9:6) Yani korunma talep eden herkesin, herhangi bir engel olmadan bir yerden di\u011ferine serbest\u00e7e hareket edebilmesi gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Badr: Benim amac\u0131m, uluslararas\u0131 bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman siyasal d\u00fczenin, tamamen a\u00e7\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rlarla herkesin diledi\u011fi yere gidebilece\u011fi bir yap\u0131ya sahip olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmekti; nitekim Medine d\u00f6neminde de durum bu \u015fekilde de\u011fildi.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bu kolokyum, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e7o\u011funluklu \u00fclkelerde m\u00fclteci politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmmet ilkeleriyle ili\u015fkisini ele alm\u0131\u015f; ulus-devlet \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 nas\u0131l s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fcmmet merkezli bir m\u00fclteci eti\u011finin yeniden tasarlanmas\u0131 gere\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":263,"featured_media":12250,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[188],"tags":[190],"class_list":["post-12249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kolokyum","tag-kolokyum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/263"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12249"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12249\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12250"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tr.ummatics.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}